x.crypto.chacha20: adds some missing bits into stream reset (#25321)

Also allow for passing `rmfile: ['hw.linux', 'hw.linux.o']`

.github/actions/cache-apt-packages-action/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: 'Cache Apt Packages'
+description: 'Cache all commonly used apt packages to speed up CI jobs'
+
+# imagemagick              : convert, mogrify
+# xvfb                     : xvfb
+# openimageio-tools        : idiff
+# libxcursor-dev libxi-dev : V gfx deps
+# libgl1-mesa-dri          : For headless rendering on the CI / software DRI driver (LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=true)
+# freeglut3-dev            : Fixes graphic apps compilation with tcc
+# sdl2                     : needed for Puzzle Vibes & Chocolate Doom
+# libsodium-dev            : needed for Gitly and C2V
+
+runs:
+  using: 'composite'
+  steps:
+    - uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@v1.5.3
+      with:
+        version: 1.0
+        packages: expect binutils postgresql sqlite3 clang valgrind \
+          imagemagick openimageio-tools xvfb xsel xclip \
+          libsodium-dev libpq-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev \
+          libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev \
+          libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev \
+          libx11-dev freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dri \
+          libsdl2-dev libsdl2-ttf-dev libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-image-dev libsdl2-net-dev \
+          libpng-dev libsamplerate0-dev \
+          xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base
+    - name: Install common packages
+      run: echo "done installing packages"
+      shell: bash

.github/workflows/benchmark_footprint_json_decode.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink

.github/workflows/benchmark_footprint_json_encode.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink

.github/workflows/bootstrapping_ci.yml

@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-14]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -no-parallel
       B_LFLAGS: -lm -lpthread
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Build V

.github/workflows/build_on_ubuntu_25_ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: CI Ubuntu 25 GCC 14.2
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.yml'
+      - '!**/build_on_ubuntu_25_ci.yml'
+      - 'cmd/tools/**'
+      - '!cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.yml'
+      - '!**/build_on_ubuntu_25_ci.yml'
+      - 'cmd/tools/**'
+      - '!cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-25-gcc-14-2-build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Build and test in Ubuntu 25.04 with GCC 14.2
+        run: |
+          set -o xtrace
+          echo "$PWD"
+          whoami
+          touch outside_docker.txt
+          git log -n4
+          echo "running docker ..."
+          docker run --rm \
+            --mount type=bind,source=/home/runner/work/v/v,destination=/src \
+            -w /src ubuntu:25.04 bash -c '
+            set -o xtrace
+            echo "running inside docker"
+            whoami
+            cp -r /src ~/vproject; cd ~/vproject
+            touch inside_docker.txt
+            ls -la
+            git log -n4
+            apt update -y -qq
+            apt install -y -qq git build-essential make
+            git config --global --add safe.directory /src/vc
+            git config --global --add safe.directory /src/thirdparty/tcc
+            make
+            ./v symlink
+            v run examples/hello_world.v
+            v run examples/primes.v
+          '

.github/workflows/c2v_ci.yml

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build-doom:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 20
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make && ./v symlink
 
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           if [ "${{ runner.os }}" == "Linux" ]; then
+            .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
             v retry -- sudo apt update -y -qq
             v retry -- sudo apt install libsdl2-dev libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-net-dev libpng-dev libsamplerate0-dev
           else
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
       LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE: true
       VTMP: /tmp
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make && ./v symlink
 
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ jobs:
           v -g ~/.vmodules/c2v/ || true
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		  
           v retry -- sudo apt update -y -qq
           v retry -- sudo apt install libsdl2-dev libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-net-dev libpng-dev libsamplerate0-dev
           # c2v / DOOM dependencies

.github/workflows/compare_pr_to_master.v

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn compare_size(fpath1 string, fpath2 string) {
 	size1 := os.file_size(fpath1)
 	size2 := os.file_size(fpath2)
 	diff_ := i64(size2) - i64(size1)
-	println('>>>>>> size("${fpath2:15}") - size("${fpath1:15}") = ${size2:10} - ${size1:10} = ${diff_:10}')
+	println('>>>>>> size("${fpath2:17}") - size("${fpath1:17}") = ${size2:10} - ${size1:10} = ${diff_:10}')
 }
 
 fn vcompare(vold string, vnew string) {
@@ -82,11 +82,13 @@ fn main() {
 	xtime('./vnew1 -o vnew2 cmd/v')
 	xtime('./vnew2 -no-parallel -o vnew cmd/v')
 	xtime('./vnew -no-parallel -o nhw_current.c examples/hello_world.v')
+	xtime('./vnew -no-parallel -o nhw_current_gcc.c -cc gcc examples/hello_world.v')
 	xtime('./vnew -no-parallel -o nv_current.c cmd/v')
 	if compare_prod {
 		xtime('./vnew -no-parallel -prod -o vnew_prod cmd/v')
 	}
 	show_size('nhw_current.c')
+	show_size('nhw_current_gcc.c')
 	show_size('nv_current.c')
 	show_size('vnew')
 	if compare_prod {
@@ -94,19 +96,26 @@ fn main() {
 	}
 	r('rm -rf vnew1 vnew2')
 
-	r('git checkout master')
+	// make sure to always compare against the main V repo's master branch:
+	os.execute('git -C . remote add V_REPO https://github.com/vlang/v.git')
+	os.execute('git -C . fetch V_REPO')
+	os.execute('git branch -D v_repo_master')
+	os.execute('git branch -f --track v_repo_master V_REPO/master')
+	r('git checkout v_repo_master')
 	master_branch := gbranch()
 	hline('    Compiling old V executables from branch: ${master_branch}, commit: ${gcommit()} ...')
 	xtime('./v     -o vold1 cmd/v')
 	xtime('./vold1 -o vold2 cmd/v')
 	xtime('./vold2 -no-parallel -o vold cmd/v')
 	xtime('./vold -no-parallel -o ohw_master.c examples/hello_world.v')
+	xtime('./vold -no-parallel -o ohw_master_gcc.c -cc gcc examples/hello_world.v')
 	xtime('./vold -no-parallel -o ov_master.c  cmd/v')
 	if compare_prod {
 		xtime('./vold -no-parallel -prod -o vold_prod cmd/v')
 		show_size('vold_prod')
 	}
 	show_size('ohw_master.c')
+	show_size('ohw_master_gcc.c')
 	show_size('ov_master.c')
 	show_size('vold')
 	if compare_prod {
@@ -116,6 +125,7 @@ fn main() {
 
 	hline('File sizes so far ...')
 	compare_size('ohw_master.c', 'nhw_current.c')
+	compare_size('ohw_master_gcc.c', 'nhw_current_gcc.c')
 	compare_size('ov_master.c', 'nv_current.c')
 	compare_size('vold', 'vnew')
 
@@ -131,6 +141,7 @@ fn main() {
 
 	hline('Final summary for file diff sizes on their own branches:')
 	compare_size('ohw_master.c', 'nhw_current.c')
+	compare_size('ohw_master_gcc.c', 'nhw_current_gcc.c')
 	compare_size('ov_master.c', 'nv_current.c')
 	compare_size('vold', 'vnew')
 	if compare_prod {

.github/workflows/compile_vlang_gui_examples.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+function show() {
+	printf "\u001b[35m$1\u001b[0m\n"
+}
+
+rm -rf ~/.vmodules/gui/
+
+export VJOBS=1
+show "Clone https://github.com/vlang/gui"
+v retry -- git clone --filter=blob:none --quiet https://github.com/vlang/gui ~/.vmodules/gui/
+show "Checkout last known good commit"
+git -C ~/.vmodules/gui/ checkout b4e3716b042ee6352efedff64c5b92cbf0e81ded
+show "Check module for syntax and semantic errors"
+v -shared -check ~/.vmodules/gui
+show "Execute Tests"
+v test ~/.vmodules/gui/
+show "Compile Examples"
+v should-compile-all -no-parallel ~/.vmodules/gui/examples/
+rm -rf ~/.vmodules/gui/

.github/workflows/cross_ci.yml

@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   cross-macos:
     runs-on: macos-13
-    timeout-minutes: 25
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc clang
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 10
       - name: Build V
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ jobs:
 
   cross-linux:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 25
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc -no-retry-compilation
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 10
       - name: Build v
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update -y -qq
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y mingw-w64 wine wine64 winetricks libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev
 
@@ -101,9 +102,9 @@ jobs:
 
   cross-windows:
     runs-on: windows-2025
-    timeout-minutes: 25
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build
         run: |
           echo %VFLAGS%

.github/workflows/debug.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc msvc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build
         run: |
           echo %VFLAGS%

.github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+echo "APT MIRRORS BEFORE:"; cat /etc/apt/apt-mirrors.txt
+sudo sed -i 's@http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com@http://archive.ubuntu.com@gm' /etc/apt/apt-mirrors.txt
+echo "APT MIRRORS  AFTER:"; cat /etc/apt/apt-mirrors.txt
+
+echo "ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list.d/"; ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
+for f in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*; do echo "####### $f ######"; cat $f; done
+
+echo "APT SOURCES BEFORE:"; echo "ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list"; ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list; cat /etc/apt/sources.list
+sudo sed -i 's@http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com@http://archive.ubuntu.com@gm' /etc/apt/sources.list
+echo "APT SOURCES  AFTER:"; echo "ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list"; ls -la /etc/apt/sources.list; cat /etc/apt/sources.list

.github/workflows/docker_ci.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
         - ${{github.workspace}}:/opt/vlang
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Show Environment
         run: |
           echo "PWD:"
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
         - ${{github.workspace}}:/opt/vlang
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: echo "$VFLAGS" && make -j4 && ./v -cg -o v cmd/v
       - name: Verify `v test` works

.github/workflows/docs_ci.yml

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   check-markdown:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make
       - name: Install dependencies (some examples show how to use sqlite and the x11 clipboard)
@@ -41,15 +41,15 @@ jobs:
     env:
       MOPTIONS: --diff --deprecated --relative-paths --exclude /vlib/v/ --exclude /builtin/linux_bare/ --exclude /testdata/ --exclude /tests/
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make
 
       - name: Checkout previous v
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           repository: vlang/v
-          ref: master # important
+          ref: master
           path: pv
 
       - name: Check against parent commit
@@ -59,10 +59,15 @@ jobs:
 
   report-missing-dots-in-doc-comments:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make
       - name: Check doc comment dots for some key modules
-        run: ./v run cmd/tools/find_doc_comments_with_no_dots.v vlib/builtin/ vlib/arrays/ vlib/flag/ vlib/bitfield/
+        run: ./v run cmd/tools/find_doc_comments_with_no_dots.v \
+          vlib/builtin/ vlib/arrays/ vlib/flag/ \
+          vlib/bitfield/ vlib/term/ vlib/strings/ \
+          vlib/rand/ vlib/compress/ vlib/clipboard/ \
+          vlib/time/ \
+          vlib/os

.github/workflows/freebsd_ci.yml

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Tests on FreeBSD with tcc
         id: tests-freebsd-tcc
-        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.28.0
+        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
         with:
           operating_system: freebsd
-          version: '14.2'
+          version: '14.3'
           memory: 4G
           shell: sh
           sync_files: runner-to-vm
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Tests on FreeBSD with clang
         id: tests-freebsd-clang
-        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.28.0
+        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
         with:
           operating_system: freebsd
-          version: '14.2'
+          version: '14.3'
           memory: 4G
           shell: sh
           sync_files: runner-to-vm
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Tests on FreeBSD with gcc
         id: tests-freebsd-gcc
-        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.28.0
+        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
         with:
           operating_system: freebsd
-          version: '14.2'
+          version: '14.3'
           memory: 4G
           shell: sh
           sync_files: runner-to-vm

.github/workflows/gen_vc_ci.yml

@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build-vc:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4
       - name: Regenerate v.c and v_win.c

.github/workflows/gg_regressions_ci.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   gg-regressions:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 20
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc
       DISPLAY: :99
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       VTMP: /tmp
     steps:
       - name: Checkout V
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build local v
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
           # libxcursor-dev libxi-dev : V gfx deps
           # libgl1-mesa-dri          : For headless rendering / software DRI driver (LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=true)
           # freeglut3-dev            : Fixes graphic apps compilation with tcc
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install imagemagick openimageio-tools libgl1-mesa-dri xvfb libxcursor-dev libxi-dev libxrandr-dev freeglut3-dev xsel xclip
           ./v retry -- ./v download https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tremby/imgur.sh/c98345d/imgur.sh

.github/workflows/hub_docker_ci.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [debian, alpine]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           repository: 'vlang/docker'
 

.github/workflows/linux_ci.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc -no-retry-compilation
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build v
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Build v with -prealloc
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 121
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: All code is formatted
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc clang
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: All code is formatted

.github/workflows/macos_ci.yml

@@ -31,13 +31,15 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc clang
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Test symlink
         run: v run ci/macos_ci.vsh test_symlink
       - name: v doctor
         run: v run ci/macos_ci.vsh v_doctor
+      - name: Build v with -prealloc
+        run: v run ci/macos_ci.vsh build_v_with_prealloc
       - name: Test cross compilation to Linux
         run: v run ci/macos_ci.vsh test_cross_compilation
       - name: Build V with -cstrict

.github/workflows/module_docs_ci.yml

@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@ on:
       - 'vlib/**.v'
       - 'vlib/**.md'
       - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/**.v'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.js'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.css'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.svg'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.html'
       - '**/module_docs_ci.yml'
   push:
     paths:
       - 'vlib/**.v'
       - 'vlib/**.md'
       - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/**.v'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.js'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.css'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.svg'
+      - 'cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/**.html'
       - '**/module_docs_ci.yml'
 
 # Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run in-progress and latest queued.
@@ -23,16 +31,25 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   build-module-docs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
+      - name: Update packages, before running apt install
+        run: .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh && v retry -- sudo apt update -y -qq
+      - name: Install dependencies (some modules wrap C libs)
+        run: v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libpq-dev
+          libsodium-dev libasound2-dev libssl-dev \
+          sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev libfreetype6-dev \
+          libx11-dev libxi-dev freeglut3-dev \
+          libgl1-mesa-dri libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev
       - name: Install markdown from vpm
         run: v retry -- v install markdown
       - name: Test v doc
         run: ./v test cmd/tools/vdoc/
-      - name: Build module documentation
-        run: ./v doc -m -f html vlib/
+      - name: Build module documentation and check the examples in the comments
+        run: ./v doc -m -f html -unsafe-run-examples -time vlib/
       - name: Deploy docs to vercel
         if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.repository == 'vlang/v' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
         run: npx vercel --confirm --prod --name vmodules --token ${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }} vlib/_docs/ || true

.github/workflows/module_docs_lint.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
   lint-module-docs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Check Formatting
         uses: creyD/prettier_action@v4.6
         with:

.github/workflows/more_extensive_but_slower_tests_ci.yml

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-14, windows-latest]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 121
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build V
         if: runner.os != 'Windows'
@@ -39,5 +39,5 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run additional crypto tests
         run: |
-          v retry -- git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/vlang/hash_validation_tests
-          v test hash_validation_tests/
+          v retry -- git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/vlang/slower_tests
+          v test slower_tests/

.github/workflows/native_backend_ci.yml

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VJOBS: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make && ./v symlink
       - name: Install linker
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VJOBS: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V (Windows)
         run: ./make.bat && ./v symlink
       - name: Rebuild V with -g, for better stacktraces on compiler panics

.github/workflows/openbsd_ci.yml

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Tests on OpenBSD with tcc
         id: tests-openbsd-tcc
-        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.28.0
+        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
         with:
           operating_system: openbsd
           version: '7.7'
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Tests on OpenBSD with clang
         id: tests-openbsd-clang
-        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.28.0
+        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
         with:
           operating_system: openbsd
           version: '7.7'
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Tests on OpenBSD with gcc
         id: tests-openbsd-gcc
-        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.28.0
+        uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
         with:
           operating_system: openbsd
           version: '7.7'

.github/workflows/other_ci.yml

@@ -22,16 +22,36 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
+  performance-compare-with-master:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Environment info
+        run: echo "$VFLAGS $GITHUB_SHA $GITHUB_REF"
+      - name: Name the local git branch
+        run: git checkout -b the_v_pr_branch
+      - name: Build local v
+        run: make && ./v symlink
+      - name: V version
+        run: ./v version
+      - name: Build the repeat tool
+        run: ./v cmd/tools/vrepeat.v
+      - name: Run compare_pr_to_master.v
+        run: VREPEAT_SILENT=1 ./v run .github/workflows/compare_pr_to_master.v
+
   prevent-gpl-licenses:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
       - name: Checkout V ${{ github.head_ref }}
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           path: v
       - name: Checkout V master
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           repository: vlang/v
           path: vmaster
@@ -47,11 +67,11 @@ jobs:
 
   code-formatting:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc gcc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Environment info
         run: echo "$VFLAGS $GITHUB_SHA $GITHUB_REF"
       - name: Build local v
@@ -63,11 +83,11 @@ jobs:
 
   performance-regressions:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 20
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc gcc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Environment info
         run: echo "$VFLAGS $GITHUB_SHA $GITHUB_REF"
       - name: Build local v
@@ -87,11 +107,11 @@ jobs:
 
   misc-tooling:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 121
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc -no-retry-compilation
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 10
       - name: Build v
@@ -99,6 +119,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libsodium-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev postgresql libpq-dev valgrind
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base
@@ -125,9 +146,9 @@ jobs:
 
   parser-silent:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 121
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build local v
         run: |
           make -j4 && ./v symlink

.github/workflows/paths_ci.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 name: Path Testing CI
 
 on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     paths-ignore:
       - '**.md'
+      - '**.yml'
       - '!**/paths_ci.yml'
+      - 'cmd/tools/**'
+      - '!cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
   pull_request:
     paths-ignore:
       - '**.md'
+      - '**.yml'
       - '!**/paths_ci.yml'
+      - 'cmd/tools/**'
+      - '!cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
 
 concurrency:
   group: paths-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' && github.sha || github.ref }}
@@ -17,9 +24,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   space-paths-linux:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           persist-credentials: false
           path: '你好 my $path, @с интервали'
@@ -47,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-14
     timeout-minutes: 30
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           path: '你好 my $path, @с интервали'
           persist-credentials: false
@@ -87,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
     ####### D:\a\v\v\你好 my $path, @с интервали: No such file or directory
     ## and that happens even for gcc builds, not just tcc ones
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           path: 'path with some $punctuation, and some spaces'
           persist-credentials: false

.github/workflows/periodic_ci.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       VFLAGS: -cc ${{ matrix.cc }}
       V_CI_PERIODIC: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build
         if: runner.os != 'Windows'
         run: make -j4 && ./v -showcc -o v cmd/v && ./v doctor

.github/workflows/prebuilt.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Download V
         run: |
-          .github/workflows/retry.sh https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip
+          .github/workflows/retry.sh wget https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_linux.zip
           unzip v_linux.zip
           cd v
           ./v -version
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Download V
         run: |
-          .github/workflows/retry.sh https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_macos_arm64.zip
+          .github/workflows/retry.sh wget https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_macos_arm64.zip
           unzip v_macos_arm64.zip
           cd v
           ./v -version
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Download V
         run: |
-          .github/workflows/retry.sh https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_macos_x86_64.zip
+          .github/workflows/retry.sh wget https://github.com/vlang/v/releases/latest/download/v_macos_x86_64.zip
           unzip v_macos_x86_64.zip
           cd v
           ./v -version

.github/workflows/puzzle_vibes_ci.yml

@@ -4,19 +4,23 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     paths:
-      - 'vlib/**'
+      - 'vlib/v/checker/**.v'
+      - 'vlib/v/gen/c/**.v'
       - 'thirdparty/**'
       - 'cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
       - 'cmd/tools/vshader.v'
       - '**/puzzle_vibes_ci.yml'
+      - '!**_test.v'
       - '!**.md'
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'vlib/**'
+      - 'vlib/v/checker/**'
+      - 'vlib/v/gen/c/**'
       - 'thirdparty/**'
       - 'cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
       - 'cmd/tools/vshader.v'
       - '**/puzzle_vibes_ci.yml'
+      - '!**_test.v'
       - '!**.md'
 
 concurrency:
@@ -26,18 +30,14 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   v-compiles-puzzle-vibes:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/cache-apt-packages-action
+
       - name: Build V
         run: make && ./v symlink
 
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          v retry 'sudo apt update'
-          v retry 'sudo apt install -y libsdl2-dev libsdl2-ttf-dev'
-          v retry 'sudo apt install -y libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-image-dev'
-
       - name: Install & Setup SDL
         run: v retry -- v install sdl && v ~/.vmodules/sdl/setup.vsh
 
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Clone Puzzle Vibes
         run: v retry -- git clone https://github.com/larpon/puzzle_vibes/
 
-      - name: Check PV compiles
-        run: cd puzzle_vibes && v .
-
       - name: Check PV compiles with -g
         run: cd puzzle_vibes && v -g .
 
+      - name: Check PV compiles
+        run: cd puzzle_vibes && v .
+
       - name: Check PV compiles with -prod
-        run: cd puzzle_vibes && v -prod .
+        run: cd puzzle_vibes && v -prod    -no-prod-options .
 
       - name: Check PV compiles with -prod and -g
-        run: cd puzzle_vibes && v -prod -g .
+        run: cd puzzle_vibes && v -prod -g -no-prod-options .

.github/workflows/release_ci.yml

@@ -24,13 +24,18 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, macos-13, macos-14, windows-latest]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-22.04-arm, macos-13, macos-14, windows-latest]
         include:
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             cc: gcc
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
             target: linux
             artifact: v_linux.zip
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04-arm
+            cc: gcc
+          - os: ubuntu-22.04-arm
+            target: linux_arm64
+            artifact: v_linux_arm64.zip
           - os: macos-13
             cc: clang
           - os: macos-13
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
             artifact: v_windows.zip
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Compile release binaries
         if: runner.os != 'Windows'
         run: |
@@ -106,13 +111,14 @@ jobs:
     needs: release-build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
       - name: Create release
         uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
         with:
           artifacts: |
             ~/work/v/v/windows/v_windows.zip
             ~/work/v/v/linux/v_linux.zip
+            ~/work/v/v/linux_arm64/v_linux_arm64.zip
             ~/work/v/v/macos_arm64/v_macos_arm64.zip
             ~/work/v/v/macos_x86_64/v_macos_x86_64.zip
           tag: ${{ github.ref_name }}

.github/workflows/riscv64_linux_ci.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ jobs:
   riscv64_linux:
     # The host should always be Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     name: Build on ubuntu-24.04 riscv64
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@v3
         name: Run commands
         id: runcmd

.github/workflows/s390x_linux_ci.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ jobs:
   s390x_linux:
     # The host should always be Linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 30
     name: Build on ubuntu-22.04 s390x
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - uses: uraimo/run-on-arch-action@v3
         name: Run commands
         id: runcmd
@@ -47,3 +48,4 @@ jobs:
             file ./v
             ls -la ./v
             ./v test vlib/builtin vlib/os vlib/encoding/binary
+            ./v test vlib/v/tests/fns/closure_test.v

.github/workflows/sanitized_ci.yml

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ on:
       - 'vlib/v/markused/**.v'
       - 'vlib/v/preludes/**.v'
       - 'vlib/v/embed_file/**.v'
+      - 'vlib/x/json2/**.v'
+      - 'vlib/x/json2/decoder2/**.v'
       - '**/sanitized_ci.yml'
   pull_request:
     paths:
@@ -68,6 +70,8 @@ on:
       - 'vlib/v/markused/**.v'
       - 'vlib/v/preludes/**.v'
       - 'vlib/v/embed_file/**.v'
+      - 'vlib/x/json2/**.v'
+      - 'vlib/x/json2/decoder2/**.v'
       - '**/sanitized_ci.yml'
 
 concurrency:
@@ -84,13 +88,14 @@ jobs:
       UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:halt_on_error=1:print_suppressions=0:suppressions=/home/runner/work/v/v/.github/workflows/run_sanitizers_undefined.suppressions
       VNATIVE_SKIP_LIBC_VV: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Ensure code is well formatted
         run: ./v -silent test-cleancode
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev
@@ -113,13 +118,14 @@ jobs:
       UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1:halt_on_error=1:print_suppressions=0:suppressions=/home/runner/work/v/v/.github/workflows/run_sanitizers_undefined.suppressions
       VNATIVE_SKIP_LIBC_VV: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Ensure code is well formatted
         run: ./v -silent test-cleancode
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev
@@ -142,13 +148,14 @@ jobs:
       LSAN_OPTIONS: max_leaks=1:print_suppressions=0:suppressions=/home/runner/work/v/v/.github/workflows/run_sanitizers_leak.suppressions
       VNATIVE_SKIP_LIBC_VV: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Ensure code is well formatted
         run: ./v -silent test-cleancode
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev
@@ -172,7 +179,7 @@ jobs:
       VJOBS: 1
       VNATIVE_SKIP_LIBC_VV: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build
         run: |
           echo %VFLAGS%
@@ -198,13 +205,14 @@ jobs:
       LSAN_OPTIONS: max_leaks=1:print_suppressions=0:suppressions=/home/runner/work/v/v/.github/workflows/run_sanitizers_leak.suppressions
       VNATIVE_SKIP_LIBC_VV: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Ensure code is well formatted
         run: ./v -silent test-cleancode
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev
@@ -228,13 +236,14 @@ jobs:
       VJOBS: 1
       VNATIVE_SKIP_LIBC_VV: 1
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Ensure code is well formatted
         run: ./v -silent test-cleancode
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		
           ./v retry -- sudo apt update
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind
           ./v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev

.github/workflows/sdl_ci.yml

@@ -26,16 +26,17 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   v-compiles-sdl-examples:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make && sudo ./v symlink
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		
           v retry 'sudo apt update'
           v retry 'sudo apt install -y libsdl2-dev libsdl2-ttf-dev'
           v retry 'sudo apt install -y libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-image-dev'

.github/workflows/symlink_ci.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-24.04, macos-13]
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4
       - name: Symlink
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
         flags: ['', '-githubci']
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: ./make.bat
       - name: Symlink

.github/workflows/termux_ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: CI Termux
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.yml'
+      - '!**/termux_ci.yml'
+      - 'cmd/tools/**'
+      - '!cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
+  pull_request:
+    paths-ignore:
+      - '**.md'
+      - '**.yml'
+      - '!**/termux_ci.yml'
+      - 'cmd/tools/**'
+      - '!cmd/tools/builders/**.v'
+
+jobs:
+  termux-build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Build and test in Termux
+        run: |
+          set -o xtrace
+          echo "$PWD"
+          whoami
+          touch outside_docker.txt
+          git log -n4
+          echo "running docker ..."
+          docker run --rm --mount type=bind,source=/home/runner/work/v/v,destination=/src -w /src termux/termux-docker:latest bash -c '
+            set -o xtrace
+            echo "running inside docker"
+            whoami
+            cp -r /src ~/vproject; cd ~/vproject
+            touch inside_docker.txt
+            ls -la
+            echo "previous TERMUX_VERSION: $TERMUX_VERSION"
+            export TERMUX_VERSION=0.118.3
+            echo "explicit TERMUX_VERSION: $TERMUX_VERSION"
+            .github/workflows/retry.sh pkg update -y
+            .github/workflows/retry.sh pkg install -y clang libexecinfo libgc libgc-static make git
+            git log -n4
+            VFLAGS="-cc cc" make
+            ./v symlink
+            v run examples/hello_world.v
+            v run examples/primes.v
+            v -e "import os; dump( os.user_os() )"
+          '

.github/workflows/time_ci.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
   time-linux:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make
       - name: Test time functions in a timezone UTC-12
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
   time-macos:
     runs-on: macos-14
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make
       - name: Test time functions in a timezone UTC-12
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
   time-windows:
     runs-on: windows-2025
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: .\make.bat
       - name: Test time functions in a timezone UTC-12

.github/workflows/toml_ci.yml

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   toml-module-pass-external-test-suites:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
       - name: Install dependencies

.github/workflows/tools_ci.yml

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   tools-linux:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 20
     strategy:
       matrix:
         cc: [tcc, gcc, clang]
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc ${{ matrix.cc }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v -showcc -o v cmd/v && ./v doctor
       - name: Code in cmd/ is formatted
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ jobs:
 
   tools-macos:
     runs-on: macos-14
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     strategy:
       matrix:
         cc: [clang]
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc ${{ matrix.cc }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v -showcc -o v cmd/v && ./v doctor
       - name: Check build-tools
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ jobs:
 
   tools-windows:
     runs-on: windows-2025
+    timeout-minutes: 20
     strategy:
       matrix:
         cc: [tcc, gcc, msvc]
@@ -90,11 +93,11 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc ${{ matrix.cc }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: ./make.bat -${{ matrix.cc }} && ./v -o v2.exe cmd/v && ./v2 -showcc -o v.exe cmd/v && ./v doctor
       - name: Check build tools
-        run: ./v -silent -N -W -check build-tools
+        run: ./v build-tools
       - name: Test tools
         run: ./v -silent test-self cmd
       - name: Test tools (-cstrict)
@@ -103,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
 
   tools-docker-ubuntu-musl:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 121
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     container:
       image: thevlang/vlang:ubuntu-build
       env:
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
         - ${{github.workspace}}:/opt/vlang
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v -cg -o v cmd/v
       - name: Ensure git commands can be used with no prompts on modern Git versions

.github/workflows/v_apps_and_modules_compile_ci.yml

@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-14]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 121
+    timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
       - name: Build V
         id: build
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == 'Linux' ]; then
+            .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh		  
             v retry -- sudo apt -qq update
             v retry -- sudo apt -qq install libgc-dev libsodium-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev
             v retry -- sudo apt -qq install libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base
@@ -70,6 +71,9 @@ jobs:
           echo "Run vsql/connection_test.v"
           v vsql/connection_test.v
 
+      - name: Test vlang/gui
+        if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.build.outcome == 'success' }}
+        run: .github/workflows/compile_vlang_gui_examples.sh
       - name: Test discord.v
         if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.build.outcome == 'success' }}
         run: .github/workflows/compile_discordv.sh
@@ -233,8 +237,9 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-24.04, macos-14]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make && ./v symlink
       - name: Build vpm

.github/workflows/vab_ci.yml

@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   vab-compiles-v-examples:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 121
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VAB_FLAGS: --api 30 --build-tools 29.0.0 -v 3
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           distribution: 'temurin'
           java-version: 11
 
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     timeout-minutes: 20
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
 

.github/workflows/vinix_ci.yml

@@ -24,14 +24,15 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   vinix-build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         run: make -j4 && ./v symlink
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
           v retry -- sudo apt update
           v retry -- sudo apt install build-essential -y
 

.github/workflows/vpm_ci.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
         with:
           path: vlang
       - name: Show git version

.github/workflows/vsl_and_vtl_compile_ci.yml

@@ -27,17 +27,18 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-24.04, macos-14]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 25
     env:
       VFLAGS: -no-parallel
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         id: build
         run: make && sudo ./v symlink
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == 'Linux' ]; then
+          .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
           v retry -- sudo apt -qq update
           v retry -- sudo apt -qq install \
             libgc-dev libgl1-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev liblapacke-dev libopenblas-dev libopenmpi-dev \
@@ -58,20 +59,21 @@ jobs:
         os: [ubuntu-24.04, macos-14]
       fail-fast: false
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 25
     env:
       VFLAGS: -no-parallel
       # Fixes complaints about $TERM not being set when running the vtl test script
       # (a warning on Linux, but an error on macOS).
       TERM: xterm
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         id: build
         run: make && sudo ./v symlink
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           if [ "$RUNNER_OS" == 'Linux' ]; then
+            .github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh
             v retry -- sudo apt -qq update
             v retry -- sudo apt -qq install \
               libgc-dev libgl1-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev liblapacke-dev libopenblas-dev libopenmpi-dev

.github/workflows/vup_works.yml

@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ jobs:
           - os: macos-14
             zip: v_macos_arm64.zip
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VDIR: /tmp/v_from_release_zip
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build v
         run: make && ./v symlink && ./v version
 

.github/workflows/wasm_backend_ci.yml

@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-2022]
       fail-fast: false
-    timeout-minutes: 10
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     env:
       VTEST_ONLY: wasm
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build V
         if: runner.os != 'Windows'
         run: make -j4

.github/workflows/websockets_ci.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc -no-retry-compilation
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build v
         run: |
           echo "$VFLAGS"

.github/workflows/windows_ci.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc gcc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Show tool versions
         run: |
           gcc --version
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc msvc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build
         run: |
           echo %VFLAGS%
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
     env:
       VFLAGS: -cc tcc -no-retry-compilation
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Build with make.bat -tcc
         run: |
           .\make.bat -tcc
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           v retry -- v setup-freetype
           .\.github\workflows\windows-install-sqlite.bat
+      - name: v -g self
+        run: v -g self
       - name: v doctor
         run: |
           v doctor

.github/workflows/workflow_lint.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
   lint-yml-workflows:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Verify formatting
         uses: creyD/prettier_action@v4.6
         with:

README.md

@@ -188,10 +188,13 @@ Linux/macos:
 
 ```bash
 pkg install clang libexecinfo libgc libgc-static make git
+pkg update
 git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/vlang/v
 cd v
 make
+./v symlink
 ```
+Note: there is *no* need for `sudo ./v symlink` on Termux (and sudo is not installed by default).
 
 ### C compiler
 

TESTS.md

@@ -80,6 +80,21 @@ Each `.c.must_have` file, consists of multiple lines. Each of these
 lines, *should* be present *at least once* in the output, when the .vv
 file is compiled with `-o -` .
 
+## REPL tests
+
+The test runner for these is `vlib/v/slow_tests/repl/repl_test.v`.
+
+The test cases for the V REPL, are stored in .repl files, in the folder
+`vlib/v/slow_tests/repl/`. Each .repl file in this folder, contains several
+lines of input to the V repl, followed by a single line of `===output===`,
+and then the output lines, that the repl would normally show for the input
+lines.
+
+If you change the compiler or the REPL source, and you have breaks in those
+.repl files, you can replace the current output in them, by running several
+times `VAUTOFIX=1 ./vlib/v/slow_tests/repl/repl_test.v`, until all the
+files are fixed and the test pass.
+
 ## `v vlib/v/slow_tests/run_project_folders_test.v`
 
 This *test runner*, checks whether whole project folders, can be compiled, and run.

bench/bench_closure.v

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+module main
+
+import time
+import sync
+import os
+import runtime
+import v.util.version
+
+// Define closure type alias
+type ClosureFN = fn () int
+
+// Test closures with different capture sizes
+fn create_closure_small() ClosureFN {
+	a := 0
+	return fn [a] () int {
+		return a
+	}
+}
+
+fn create_closure_medium() ClosureFN {
+	a, b, c, d := 1, 2, 3, 4
+	return fn [a, b, c, d] () int {
+		return a + b - c * d
+	}
+}
+
+struct LargeData {
+	array [10]int
+}
+
+fn create_closure_large() ClosureFN {
+	data := LargeData{
+		array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]!
+	}
+	return fn [data] () int {
+		mut sum := 0
+		for i in 0 .. 10 {
+			sum += data.array[i]
+		}
+		return sum
+	}
+}
+
+// Result structs
+struct TestResult {
+	test_name   string
+	iterations  int
+	time_ms     i64
+	ops_per_sec f64 // Operations per second
+	notes       string
+}
+
+struct MemoryResult {
+	test_name         string
+	count             int
+	start_mem_kb      int
+	end_mem_kb        int
+	delta_kb          int
+	bytes_per_closure int
+	check_sum         int
+}
+
+// Benchmark group - returns result structs
+fn benchmark_closure_creation(iterations int) []TestResult {
+	mut results := []TestResult{}
+
+	// Test small closure creation
+	mut start := time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ = create_closure_small()
+	}
+	small_time := time.ticks() - start
+	mut ops_per_sec := f64(iterations) * 1000.0 / f64(small_time)
+	results << TestResult{'Small Closure Creation', iterations, small_time, ops_per_sec, ''}
+
+	// Test medium closure creation
+	start = time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ = create_closure_medium()
+	}
+	medium_time := time.ticks() - start
+	ops_per_sec = f64(iterations) * 1000.0 / f64(medium_time)
+	results << TestResult{'Medium Closure Creation', iterations, medium_time, ops_per_sec, ''}
+
+	// Test large closure creation
+	large_iter := iterations / 10
+	start = time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. large_iter {
+		_ = create_closure_large()
+	}
+	large_time := time.ticks() - start
+	ops_per_sec = f64(large_iter) * 1000.0 / f64(large_time)
+	results << TestResult{'Large Closure Creation', large_iter, large_time, ops_per_sec, ''} //, "Equivalent iterations: ${iterations/10}"}
+	return results
+}
+
+fn benchmark_closure_call(iterations int) []TestResult {
+	mut results := []TestResult{}
+
+	closure_small := create_closure_small()
+	closure_medium := create_closure_medium()
+	closure_large := create_closure_large()
+
+	// Test small closure call
+	mut start := time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ = closure_small()
+	}
+	small_time := time.ticks() - start
+	mut ops_per_sec := f64(iterations) * 1000.0 / f64(small_time)
+	results << TestResult{'Small Closure Call', iterations, small_time, ops_per_sec, ''}
+
+	// Test medium closure call
+	start = time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ = closure_medium()
+	}
+	medium_time := time.ticks() - start
+	ops_per_sec = f64(iterations) * 1000.0 / f64(medium_time)
+	results << TestResult{'Medium Closure Call', iterations, medium_time, ops_per_sec, ''}
+
+	// Test large closure call
+	large_iter := iterations / 10
+	start = time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. large_iter {
+		_ = closure_large()
+	}
+	large_time := time.ticks() - start
+	ops_per_sec = f64(large_iter) * 1000.0 / f64(large_time)
+	results << TestResult{'Large Closure Call', large_iter, large_time, ops_per_sec, ''}
+
+	return results
+}
+
+fn benchmark_threaded_creation(threads int, iterations_per_thread int) TestResult {
+	total_iterations := threads * iterations_per_thread
+
+	mut wg := sync.new_waitgroup()
+	wg.add(threads)
+
+	start := time.ticks()
+
+	for _ in 0 .. threads {
+		go fn [mut wg, iterations_per_thread] () {
+			defer { wg.done() }
+			for _ in 0 .. iterations_per_thread {
+				_ = create_closure_medium()
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.wait()
+	elapsed := time.ticks() - start
+	ops_per_sec := f64(total_iterations) * 1000.0 / f64(elapsed)
+
+	return TestResult{
+		test_name:   'Multi-threaded Creation'
+		iterations:  total_iterations
+		time_ms:     elapsed
+		ops_per_sec: ops_per_sec
+		notes:       'Threads: ${threads} Iterations per thread: ${iterations_per_thread}'
+	}
+}
+
+fn baseline_call_performance(iterations int) TestResult {
+	start := time.ticks()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ = normal_function()
+	}
+	elapsed := time.ticks() - start
+	ops_per_sec := f64(iterations) * 1000.0 / f64(elapsed)
+
+	return TestResult{
+		test_name:   'Normal Function Call'
+		iterations:  iterations
+		time_ms:     elapsed
+		ops_per_sec: ops_per_sec
+		notes:       'Baseline'
+	}
+}
+
+fn benchmark_memory_usage(count int) MemoryResult {
+	mut closures := []ClosureFN{}
+	start_mem := runtime.used_memory() or { panic(err) }
+
+	for i in 0 .. count {
+		the_closure := create_closure_medium()
+		closures << the_closure
+
+		if i % 1000 == 0 {
+			_ = the_closure()
+		}
+	}
+
+	end_mem := runtime.used_memory() or { panic(err) }
+	delta := int(end_mem) - int(start_mem)
+	bytes_per_closure := delta / count
+
+	// Calculate verification sum
+	mut check_sum := 0
+	n := if closures.len < 100 { closures.len } else { 100 }
+	for idx in 0 .. n {
+		check_sum += closures[idx]()
+	}
+
+	return MemoryResult{
+		test_name:         'Closure Memory Overhead'
+		count:             count
+		start_mem_kb:      int(start_mem / 1024)
+		end_mem_kb:        int(end_mem / 1024)
+		delta_kb:          delta / 1024
+		bytes_per_closure: bytes_per_closure
+		check_sum:         check_sum
+	}
+}
+
+fn normal_function() int {
+	return 42
+}
+
+// Format performance data for readability
+fn format_perf(ops_per_sec f64) string {
+	if ops_per_sec >= 1_000_000 {
+		return '${ops_per_sec / 1_000_000:5.2f} Mop/s'
+	} else if ops_per_sec >= 1_000 {
+		return '${ops_per_sec / 1_000:5.2f} Kop/s'
+	} else {
+		return '${ops_per_sec:5.2f} op/s'
+	}
+}
+
+fn print_results_table(results []TestResult, title string) {
+	println('|---------------------------|------------|----------|--------------|--------------|')
+	for res in results {
+		perf_str := format_perf(res.ops_per_sec)
+		println('| ${res.test_name:-25} | ${res.iterations:10} | ${res.time_ms:8} | ${perf_str:-12} | ${res.notes:-12} |')
+	}
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('# V Language Closure Performance Benchmark Report')
+
+	// Configurable test parameters
+	base_iter := 100_000_000 // 100 million iterations
+	creation_iter := 10_000_000 // 1 million iterations
+	mem_count := 100_000
+	threads := 8
+	thread_iter := 125_000
+
+	// Execute tests
+	baseline_result := baseline_call_performance(base_iter)
+	creation_results := benchmark_closure_creation(creation_iter)
+	call_results := benchmark_closure_call(base_iter)
+	thread_result := benchmark_threaded_creation(threads, thread_iter)
+	mem_result := benchmark_memory_usage(mem_count)
+
+	// Print result tables
+	println('\n## 1. Closure Performance Analysis')
+	println('| Test Name                 | Iterations | Time(ms) | Ops/sec      | Notes        |')
+	print_results_table([baseline_result], '1. Performance Baseline')
+	print_results_table(creation_results, '2. Closure Creation Performance')
+	print_results_table(call_results, '3. Closure Call Performance')
+	print_results_table([thread_result], '4. Multi-threaded Performance')
+
+	// Print memory results
+	println('\n## 2. Memory Overhead Analysis')
+	println('| Test Name               | Closure Count | Start Mem(KB) | End Mem(KB) | Delta(KB) | Bytes/Closure |')
+	println('|-------------------------|---------------|---------------|------------|-----------|---------------|')
+	println('| ${mem_result.test_name:-20} | ${mem_result.count:13} | ${mem_result.start_mem_kb:13} | ${mem_result.end_mem_kb:10} | ${mem_result.delta_kb:9} | ${mem_result.bytes_per_closure:13} |')
+	println('\n**Verification Sum: ${mem_result.check_sum}** (Calculated from random sample of 100 closures)')
+
+	println('\n## Test Environment')
+	println('- V Language Version: ${version.full_v_version(false)}')
+	println('- CPU Cores: ${runtime.nr_cpus()}')
+	println('- System Memory: ${runtime.total_memory()! / 1024 / 1024} MB')
+	println('- Operating System: ${os.user_os()}')
+	println('\n> Test Time: ${time.now().format_ss_micro()}')
+}

ci/freebsd_ci.vsh

@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@ fn v_doctor() {
 	}
 }
 
+fn build_v_with_prealloc() {
+	exec('v -cg -cstrict -o vstrict1 cmd/v')
+	exec('./vstrict1 -o vprealloc -prealloc cmd/v')
+	exec('./vprealloc run examples/hello_world.v')
+	exec('./vprealloc -o v3 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v4 -d debug_malloc -d debug_realloc -o vdebug1 cmd/v')
+}
+
 fn verify_v_test_works() {
 	exec('echo \$VFLAGS')
 	exec('v cmd/tools/test_if_v_test_system_works.v')
@@ -48,12 +57,13 @@ fn run_essential_tests() {
 }
 
 const all_tasks = {
-	'v_doctor':            Task{v_doctor, 'Run v doctor'}
-	'verify_v_test_works': Task{verify_v_test_works, 'Verify that v test works'}
-	'build_fast_script':   Task{build_fast_script, 'Check that building fast.v works'}
-	'check_math':          Task{check_math, 'Check the `math` module works'}
-	'check_compress':      Task{check_compress, 'Check the `compress` module works'}
-	'run_essential_tests': Task{run_essential_tests, 'Run only the essential tests'}
+	'v_doctor':              Task{v_doctor, 'Run v doctor'}
+	'build_v_with_prealloc': Task{build_v_with_prealloc, 'Build V with prealloc'}
+	'verify_v_test_works':   Task{verify_v_test_works, 'Verify that v test works'}
+	'build_fast_script':     Task{build_fast_script, 'Check that building fast.v works'}
+	'check_math':            Task{check_math, 'Check the `math` module works'}
+	'check_compress':        Task{check_compress, 'Check the `compress` module works'}
+	'run_essential_tests':   Task{run_essential_tests, 'Run only the essential tests'}
 }
 
 common.run(all_tasks)

ci/linux_ci.vsh

@@ -41,17 +41,23 @@ fn v_doctor() {
 	exec('v doctor')
 }
 
+fn build_v_with_prealloc() {
+	exec('v -cg -cstrict -o vstrict1 cmd/v')
+	exec('./vstrict1 -o vprealloc -prealloc cmd/v')
+	exec('./vprealloc run examples/hello_world.v')
+	exec('./vprealloc -o v3 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v4 -d debug_malloc -d debug_realloc -o vdebug1 cmd/v')
+}
+
 //
 // TCC job tasks
 //
 
-fn build_v_with_prealloc() {
-	exec('v -d debug_malloc -d debug_realloc -o vdebug1 cmd/v')
-	exec('v -cg -cstrict -o vstrict1 cmd/v')
-	exec('v -o vrealloc -prealloc cmd/v && ./vrealloc -o v3 cmd/v && ./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
-}
-
 fn install_dependencies_for_examples_and_tools_tcc() {
+	if common.is_github_job {
+		exec('.github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh')
+	}
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt update')
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind')
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev')
@@ -67,7 +73,9 @@ fn test_v_to_c_tcc() {
 }
 
 fn v_self_compilation_tcc() {
-	exec('v -o v2 cmd/v && ./v2 -o v3 cmd/v && ./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
+	exec('v -o v2 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v2 -o v3 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
 }
 
 fn v_doctor_tcc() {
@@ -120,16 +128,25 @@ fn test_v_tutorials_tcc() {
 }
 
 fn build_fast_tcc() {
-	exec('cd cmd/tools/fast && v fast.v && ./fast')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools/fast && v fast.v')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools/fast && ./fast')
 }
 
 fn v_self_compilation_usecache_tcc() {
 	exec('unset VFLAGS')
-	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v && examples/hello_world')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
+	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v')
+	exec('./examples/hello_world')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('v -o v2 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v2 -o v3 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v3 version')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('./v3 -o tetris -usecache examples/tetris/tetris.v')
+	exec('rm -f ./examples/hello_world v2 v3 tetris')
 }
 
 fn test_password_input_tcc() {
@@ -143,7 +160,8 @@ fn test_readline_tcc() {
 fn test_leak_detector_tcc() {
 	exec('v -gc boehm_leak -o testcase_leak vlib/v/tests/testcase_leak.vv')
 	exec('./testcase_leak 2>leaks.txt')
-	exec('grep "Found 1 leaked object" leaks.txt && grep -P ", sz=\\s?1000," leaks.txt')
+	exec('grep "Found 1 leaked object" leaks.txt')
+	exec('grep -P ", sz=\\s?1000," leaks.txt')
 }
 
 fn test_leak_detector_not_active_tcc() {
@@ -161,6 +179,9 @@ fn all_code_is_formatted_gcc() {
 }
 
 fn install_dependencies_for_examples_and_tools_gcc() {
+	if common.is_github_job {
+		exec('.github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh')
+	}
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt update')
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind')
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev')
@@ -190,13 +211,18 @@ fn v_self_compilation_gcc() {
 fn v_self_compilation_usecache_gcc() {
 	exec('unset VFLAGS')
 
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v')
 	exec('examples/hello_world')
 
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('v -o v2 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v2 -o v3 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v3 version')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('./v3 -o tetris -usecache examples/tetris/tetris.v')
+	exec('rm -f ./examples/hello_world v2 v3 tetris')
 }
 
 fn verify_v_test_works_gcc() {
@@ -226,10 +252,12 @@ fn build_examples_gcc() {
 
 fn build_tetris_autofree_gcc() {
 	exec('v -autofree -o tetris examples/tetris/tetris.v')
+	exec('rm -f tetris')
 }
 
 fn build_blog_autofree_gcc() {
 	exec('v -autofree -o blog tutorials/building_a_simple_web_blog_with_veb/code/blog')
+	exec('rm -f blog')
 }
 
 fn build_option_test_autofree_gcc() {
@@ -238,6 +266,7 @@ fn build_option_test_autofree_gcc() {
 
 fn v_self_compilation_parallel_cc_gcc() {
 	exec('v -o v2 -parallel-cc cmd/v')
+	exec('rm -f v2')
 }
 
 fn build_modules_gcc() {
@@ -273,6 +302,9 @@ fn all_code_is_formatted_clang() {
 }
 
 fn install_dependencies_for_examples_and_tools_clang() {
+	if common.is_github_job {
+		exec('.github/workflows/disable_azure_mirror.sh')
+	}
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt update')
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y postgresql libpq-dev libssl-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev valgrind')
 	exec('v retry -- sudo apt install --quiet -y libfreetype6-dev libxi-dev libxcursor-dev libgl-dev libxrandr-dev libasound2-dev')
@@ -281,10 +313,12 @@ fn install_dependencies_for_examples_and_tools_clang() {
 
 fn recompile_v_with_cstrict_clang() {
 	exec('v -cc clang -cg -cstrict -o vstrict cmd/v')
+	exec('rm -f vstrict')
 }
 
 fn valgrind_clang() {
 	exec('valgrind --error-exitcode=1 v -o v.c cmd/v')
+	exec('rm -f v.c')
 }
 
 fn run_sanitizers_clang() {
@@ -292,16 +326,26 @@ fn run_sanitizers_clang() {
 }
 
 fn v_self_compilation_clang() {
-	exec('v -o v2 cmd/v && ./v2 -o v3 cmd/v && ./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
+	exec('v -o v2 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v2 -o v3 cmd/v')
+	exec('./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
 }
 
 fn v_self_compilation_usecache_clang() {
 	exec('unset VFLAGS')
-	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v && examples/hello_world')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
+	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v')
+	exec('./examples/hello_world')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('v -o v2 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v2 -o v3 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v3 version')
+
+	exec('v wipe-cache')
 	exec('./v3 -o tetris -usecache examples/tetris/tetris.v')
+	exec('rm -f ./examples/hello_world v2 v3 tetris')
 }
 
 fn verify_v_test_works_clang() {
@@ -331,6 +375,7 @@ fn build_examples_clang() {
 
 fn build_examples_autofree_clang() {
 	exec('v -autofree -experimental -o tetris examples/tetris/tetris.v')
+	exec('rm -f tetris')
 }
 
 fn build_modules_clang() {
@@ -350,9 +395,11 @@ fn build_modules_clang() {
 }
 
 fn native_machine_code_generation_common() {
-	exec('v -o vprod -prod cmd/v')
-	exec('cd cmd/tools && ../../vprod gen1m.v && ./gen1m > 1m.v')
-	exec('cd cmd/tools && ../../vprod -backend native -o 1m 1m.v && ./1m && ls -larS 1m*')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools && v gen1m.v')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools && ./gen1m > 1m.v')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools && v -backend native -o 1m 1m.v')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools && ./1m && ls -larS 1m*')
+	exec('cd cmd/tools && rm -f ./1m ./1m.v')
 }
 
 fn native_machine_code_generation_gcc() {
@@ -373,8 +420,8 @@ fn native_cross_compilation_to_macos() {
 // Collect all tasks
 //
 const all_tasks = {
-	// tcc tasks
 	'build_v_with_prealloc':                             Task{build_v_with_prealloc, 'Build V with prealloc'}
+	// tcc tasks
 	'all_code_is_formatted_tcc':                         Task{all_code_is_formatted, 'All code is formatted (tcc)'}
 	'install_dependencies_for_examples_and_tools_tcc':   Task{install_dependencies_for_examples_and_tools_tcc, 'Install deps for examples/tools (tcc)'}
 	'test_v_to_c_tcc':                                   Task{test_v_to_c_tcc, 'Test v->c with tcc'}

ci/macos_ci.vsh

@@ -87,9 +87,20 @@ fn v_doctor() {
 	exec('v doctor')
 }
 
+fn build_v_with_prealloc() {
+	exec('v -cg -cstrict -o vstrict1 cmd/v')
+	exec('./vstrict1 -d debug_malloc -d debug_realloc -o vdebug1 cmd/v')
+	exec('./vstrict1 -o vprealloc -prealloc cmd/v')
+	// TODO: fix prealloc on macos (the rwmutex implementation for shared maps there seems to require that mutexes are allocated by C.malloc directly, and segfaults for arbitrary memory addresses)
+	//	exec('./vprealloc run examples/hello_world.v')
+	//	exec('./vprealloc -o v3 cmd/v')
+	//	exec('./v3 -o v4 cmd/v')
+}
+
 fn v_self_compilation_usecache() {
 	exec('unset VFLAGS')
-	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v && examples/hello_world')
+	exec('v -usecache examples/hello_world.v')
+	exec('./examples/hello_world')
 	exec('v -o v2 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v2 -o v3 -usecache cmd/v')
 	exec('./v3 version')
@@ -128,6 +139,7 @@ const all_tasks = {
 	'build_examples_prod':                Task{build_examples_prod, 'Build examples with -prod'}
 	'build_examples_v_compiled_with_tcc': Task{build_examples_v_compiled_with_tcc, 'Build examples with V build with tcc'}
 	'v_doctor':                           Task{v_doctor, 'v doctor'}
+	'build_v_with_prealloc':              Task{build_v_with_prealloc, 'Build V with prealloc'}
 	'v_self_compilation_usecache':        Task{v_self_compilation_usecache, 'V self compilation with -usecache'}
 	'v_self_compilation_parallel_cc':     Task{v_self_compilation_parallel_cc, 'V self compilation with -parallel-cc'}
 	'test_password_input':                Task{test_password_input, 'Test password input'}

cmd/tools/vast/vast.v

@@ -596,6 +596,7 @@ fn (t Tree) fn_decl(node ast.FnDecl) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('is_variadic', t.bool_node(node.is_variadic))
 	obj.add('is_anon', t.bool_node(node.is_anon))
 	obj.add_terse('is_noreturn', t.bool_node(node.is_noreturn))
+	obj.add_terse('is_weak', t.bool_node(node.is_weak))
 	obj.add_terse('is_manualfree', t.bool_node(node.is_manualfree))
 	obj.add('is_main', t.bool_node(node.is_main))
 	obj.add('is_test', t.bool_node(node.is_test))
@@ -605,6 +606,7 @@ fn (t Tree) fn_decl(node ast.FnDecl) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('is_unsafe', t.bool_node(node.is_unsafe))
 	obj.add_terse('is_markused', t.bool_node(node.is_markused))
 	obj.add_terse('is_file_translated', t.bool_node(node.is_file_translated))
+	obj.add_terse('is_closure', t.bool_node(node.is_closure))
 	obj.add_terse('receiver', t.struct_field(node.receiver))
 	obj.add('receiver_pos', t.pos(node.receiver_pos))
 	obj.add_terse('is_method', t.bool_node(node.is_method))
@@ -728,6 +730,7 @@ fn (t Tree) enum_decl(node ast.EnumDecl) &Node {
 	obj.add('comments', t.array_node_comment(node.comments))
 	obj.add_terse('attrs', t.array_node_attr(node.attrs))
 	obj.add_terse('typ', t.type_node(node.typ))
+	obj.add_terse('enum_typ', t.type_node(node.enum_typ))
 	return obj
 }
 
@@ -838,6 +841,8 @@ fn (t Tree) global_field(node ast.GlobalField) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('typ', t.type_node(node.typ))
 	obj.add_terse('has_expr', t.bool_node(node.has_expr))
 	obj.add_terse('is_markused', t.bool_node(node.is_markused))
+	obj.add_terse('is_weak', t.bool_node(node.is_weak))
+	obj.add_terse('is_hidden', t.bool_node(node.is_hidden))
 	obj.add('comments', t.array_node_comment(node.comments))
 	obj.add('pos', t.pos(node.pos))
 	obj.add('typ_pos', t.pos(node.typ_pos))
@@ -892,6 +897,7 @@ fn (t Tree) fn_type_decl(node ast.FnTypeDecl) &Node {
 	mut obj := create_object()
 	obj.add_terse('ast_type', t.string_node('FnTypeDecl'))
 	obj.add_terse('name', t.string_node(node.name))
+	obj.add_terse('mod', t.string_node(node.mod))
 	obj.add_terse('is_pub', t.bool_node(node.is_pub))
 	obj.add_terse('typ', t.type_node(node.typ))
 	obj.add('pos', t.pos(node.pos))
@@ -1072,13 +1078,13 @@ fn (t Tree) comptime_call(node ast.ComptimeCall) &Node {
 	mut obj := create_object()
 	obj.add_terse('ast_type', t.string_node('ComptimeCall'))
 	obj.add_terse('method_name', t.string_node(node.method_name))
+	obj.add_terse('kind', t.enum_node(node.kind))
 	obj.add_terse('left', t.expr(node.left))
 	obj.add_terse('is_vweb', t.bool_node(node.is_vweb))
 	obj.add_terse('is_veb', t.bool_node(node.is_veb))
 	obj.add_terse('veb_tmpl', t.string_node(node.veb_tmpl.path))
 	obj.add_terse('args_var', t.string_node(node.args_var))
 	obj.add_terse('has_parens', t.bool_node(node.has_parens))
-	obj.add_terse('is_embed', t.bool_node(node.is_embed))
 	obj.add_terse('embed_file', t.embed_file(node.embed_file))
 	obj.add('method_pos', t.pos(node.method_pos))
 	obj.add_terse('left_type', t.type_node(node.left_type))
@@ -1468,6 +1474,7 @@ fn (t Tree) index_expr(node ast.IndexExpr) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('is_setter', t.bool_node(node.is_setter))
 	obj.add_terse('is_direct', t.bool_node(node.is_direct))
 	obj.add_terse('or_expr', t.or_expr(node.or_expr))
+	obj.add_terse('typ', t.type_node(node.typ))
 	obj.add('pos', t.pos(node.pos))
 	return obj
 }
@@ -1535,7 +1542,6 @@ fn (t Tree) if_branch(node ast.IfBranch) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('cond', t.expr(node.cond))
 	obj.add('pos', t.pos(node.pos))
 	obj.add('body_pos', t.pos(node.body_pos))
-	obj.add_terse('pkg_exist', t.bool_node(node.pkg_exist))
 	obj.add_terse('stmts', t.array_node_stmt(node.stmts))
 	obj.add('scope', t.number_node(int(node.scope)))
 	obj.add('comments', t.array_node_comment(node.comments))
@@ -1608,6 +1614,7 @@ fn (t Tree) call_expr(node ast.CallExpr) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('is_ctor_new', t.bool_node(node.is_ctor_new))
 	obj.add_terse('is_return_used', t.bool_node(node.is_return_used))
 	obj.add_terse('is_static_method', t.bool_node(node.is_static_method))
+	obj.add_terse('is_variadic', t.bool_node(node.is_variadic))
 	obj.add('should_be_skipped', t.bool_node(node.should_be_skipped))
 	obj.add_terse('free_receiver', t.bool_node(node.free_receiver))
 	obj.add('scope', t.number_node(int(node.scope)))
@@ -1643,6 +1650,7 @@ fn (t Tree) or_expr(node ast.OrExpr) &Node {
 	obj.add_terse('stmts', t.array_node_stmt(node.stmts))
 	obj.add_terse('kind', t.enum_node(node.kind))
 	obj.add('pos', t.pos(node.pos))
+	obj.add('scope', t.number_node(int(node.scope)))
 	return obj
 }
 

cmd/tools/vdoc/html.v

@@ -79,8 +79,10 @@ fn (vd &VDoc) render_search_index(out Output) {
 	}
 	js_search_index.writeln('];\n')
 	js_search_data.writeln('];\n')
+	final := js_search_index.str() + js_search_data.str()
 	out_file_path := os.join_path(out.path, 'search_index.js')
-	os.write_file(out_file_path, js_search_index.str() + js_search_data.str()) or { panic(err) }
+	println('Generating search_index.js of ${final.len:8} bytes in `${out_file_path} ...')
+	os.write_file(out_file_path, final) or { panic(err) }
 }
 
 fn (mut vd VDoc) render_static_html(out Output) {
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ fn (vd &VDoc) get_resource(name string, out Output) string {
 	} else {
 		output_path := os.join_path(out.path, name)
 		if !os.exists(output_path) {
-			println('Generating ${out.typ} in "${output_path}"')
+			println('Copying ${res.len:8} bytes from `${path}` to `${output_path}` ...')
 			os.write_file(output_path, res) or { panic(err) }
 		}
 		return name
@@ -180,14 +182,14 @@ fn (vd &VDoc) write_content(cn &doc.DocNode, d &doc.Doc, mut hw strings.Builder)
 	src_link := get_src_link(vd.manifest.repo_url, vd.manifest.repo_branch, file_path_name,
 		cn.pos.line_nr + 1)
 	if cn.content.len != 0 || cn.name == 'Constants' {
-		hw.write_string(doc_node_html(cn, src_link, false, cfg.include_examples, d.table))
+		hw.write_string(vd.doc_node_html(cn, src_link, false, cfg.include_examples, d.table))
 		hw.write_string('\n')
 	}
 	for child in cn.children {
 		child_file_path_name := child.file_path.replace('${base_dir}/', '')
 		child_src_link := get_src_link(vd.manifest.repo_url, vd.manifest.repo_branch,
 			child_file_path_name, child.pos.line_nr + 1)
-		hw.write_string(doc_node_html(child, child_src_link, false, cfg.include_examples,
+		hw.write_string(vd.doc_node_html(child, child_src_link, false, cfg.include_examples,
 			d.table))
 		hw.write_string('\n')
 	}
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ fn (vd &VDoc) gen_html(d doc.Doc) string {
 	mut contents := strings.new_builder(200)
 	dcs_contents := d.contents.arr()
 	// generate toc first
-	contents.writeln(doc_node_html(d.head, '', true, cfg.include_examples, d.table))
+	contents.writeln(vd.doc_node_html(d.head, '', true, cfg.include_examples, d.table))
 	if is_module_readme(d.head) {
 		write_toc(d.head, mut symbols_toc)
 	}
@@ -384,6 +386,7 @@ fn write_token(tok token.Token, typ HighlightTokenTyp, mut buf strings.Builder)
 fn html_highlight(code string, tb &ast.Table) string {
 	mut s := scanner.new_scanner(code, .parse_comments, &pref.Preferences{ output_mode: .silent })
 	mut tok := s.scan()
+	mut prev_tok := tok
 	mut next_tok := s.scan()
 	mut buf := strings.new_builder(200)
 	mut i := 0
@@ -490,6 +493,9 @@ fn html_highlight(code string, tb &ast.Table) string {
 				// html documentation outputs / its style rules will affect the readme.
 				buf.write_string("'${html.escape(tok.lit.str())}'")
 			} else {
+				if final_tok_typ == .string && prev_tok.lit == 'return' {
+					buf.write_string(' ')
+				}
 				write_token(tok, tok_typ, mut buf)
 			}
 			buf.write_string('</span>')
@@ -506,14 +512,14 @@ fn html_highlight(code string, tb &ast.Table) string {
 		if i - 1 == next_tok.pos {
 			i--
 		}
-
+		prev_tok = tok
 		tok = next_tok
 		next_tok = s.scan()
 	}
 	return buf.str()
 }
 
-fn doc_node_html(dn doc.DocNode, link string, head bool, include_examples bool, tb &ast.Table) string {
+fn (vd &VDoc) doc_node_html(dn doc.DocNode, link string, head bool, include_examples bool, tb &ast.Table) string {
 	mut dnw := strings.new_builder(200)
 	head_tag := if head { 'h1' } else { 'h2' }
 	mut renderer := markdown.HtmlRenderer{

cmd/tools/vdoc/main.v

@@ -10,12 +10,19 @@ const vexe = os.getenv_opt('VEXE') or { @VEXE }
 
 const vroot = os.dir(vexe)
 
-const allowed_formats = ['md', 'markdown', 'json', 'text', 'ansi', 'html', 'htm']
+const allowed_formats = ['md', 'markdown', 'json', 'text', 'ansi', 'html', 'htm', 'none']
+
+enum RunExampleMode {
+	skip
+	run
+	check
+}
 
 struct Config {
 mut:
 	pub_only         bool = true
 	show_loc         bool // for plaintext
+	show_time        bool // show the total time spend generating content
 	is_color         bool
 	is_multi         bool
 	is_vlib          bool
@@ -31,7 +38,8 @@ mut:
 	input_path       string
 	symbol_name      string
 	platform         doc.Platform
-	run_examples     bool // `-run-examples` will run all `// Example: assert mod.abc() == y` comments in the processed modules
+	run_examples     RunExampleMode // `-unsafe-run-examples` will run all `// Example: assert mod.abc() == y` comments in the processed modules.
+	// -check-examples will only check/validate that they compile, but without running any code.
 	// The options below are useful for generating a more stable HTML, that is easier to regression test:
 	html_only_contents bool // `-html-only-contents` will produce only the content of any given page, without styling tags etc.
 	html_no_vhash      bool // `-html-no-vhash` will remove the version hash from the generated html
@@ -42,6 +50,7 @@ mut:
 }
 
 fn main() {
+	unbuffer_stdout() // avoid the need for flush_stdout() calls
 	if os.args.len < 2 || '-h' in os.args || '-help' in os.args || '--help' in os.args
 		|| os.args[1..] == ['doc', 'help'] {
 		os.system('${os.quoted_path(vexe)} help doc')
@@ -60,8 +69,7 @@ fn main() {
 	}
 	vd.vprintln('Setting output type to "${cfg.output_type}"')
 	vd.generate_docs_from_file()
-	if cfg.run_examples {
-		println('')
+	if cfg.run_examples != .skip {
 		if vd.example_oks == 0 && vd.example_failures == 0 {
 			println(term.colorize(term.bright_yellow, 'Found NO examples.'))
 		} else {
@@ -136,8 +144,19 @@ fn parse_arguments(args []string) Config {
 				cfg.platform = selected_platform
 				i++
 			}
+			'-time' {
+				cfg.show_time = true
+			}
+			'-check-examples' {
+				cfg.run_examples = .check
+			}
+			'-unsafe-run-examples' {
+				cfg.run_examples = .run
+			}
 			'-run-examples' {
-				cfg.run_examples = true
+				eprintln('WARNING: the `-run-examples` option is deprecated, and will be removed after 2025-11-13.')
+				eprintln('  Use `-unsafe-run-examples` instead of `-run-examples` .')
+				cfg.run_examples = .run
 			}
 			'-no-timestamp' {
 				cfg.no_timestamp = true

cmd/tools/vdoc/run_examples.v

@@ -2,12 +2,21 @@ module main
 
 import document as doc
 import v.vmod
-import strings
 import os
 import rand
 import term
 
+fn (mut vd VDoc) process_all_examples(contents []doc.DocNode) {
+	for cn in contents {
+		if cn.content.len > 0 {
+			vd.run_examples(cn)
+		}
+		vd.process_all_examples(cn.children)
+	}
+}
+
 const normalised_default_vmodules_path = os.vmodules_dir().replace('\\', '/')
+const vdoc_max_fails = os.getenv_opt('VDOC_MAX_FAILS') or { '999' }.int()
 
 fn get_mod_name_by_file_path(file_path string) string {
 	mut mcache := vmod.get_cache()
@@ -23,10 +32,15 @@ fn get_mod_name_by_file_path(file_path string) string {
 	return mod_name
 }
 
-fn (mut vd VDoc) run_examples(dn doc.DocNode, mut pw strings.Builder) {
-	if dn.comments.len == 0 || !vd.cfg.run_examples {
+fn (mut vd VDoc) run_examples(dn doc.DocNode) {
+	if dn.comments.len == 0 || vd.cfg.run_examples == .skip {
 		return
 	}
+	voptions := match vd.cfg.run_examples {
+		.run { ' -g run ' }
+		.check { '-N -W -check' }
+		.skip { '' }
+	}
 	examples := dn.examples()
 	if examples.len == 0 {
 		return
@@ -38,28 +52,35 @@ fn (mut vd VDoc) run_examples(dn doc.DocNode, mut pw strings.Builder) {
 			os.rm(sfile) or {}
 		}
 	}
-	mut failures := 0
-	mut oks := 0
 	for example in examples {
+		if vd.example_failures >= vdoc_max_fails {
+			eprintln('> vdoc: too many examples failed in ${vd.cfg.run_examples} mode')
+			exit(1)
+		}
 		code := example.all_after('Example:').all_after('example:').trim_space()
 		mod_name := get_mod_name_by_file_path(dn.file_path)
 		vsource_path := os.join_path(efolder, 'example_${rand.ulid()}.v')
 		// eprintln('>>> example dn.file_path: ${dn.file_path} | mod_name: ${mod_name} | vsource_path: ${vsource_path} | code: `${code}`')
 		import_clause := if mod_name in ['builtin', ''] { '' } else { 'import ${mod_name}\n' }
-		source := '${import_clause}fn main() {\n\t${code}\n}\n'
+		source := if import_clause != '' && !code.contains('import ') {
+			'${import_clause}fn main() {\n\t${code}\n}\n'
+		} else {
+			code
+		}
 		os.write_file(vsource_path, source) or { continue }
-		cmd := '${os.quoted_path(vexe)} -g run ${os.quoted_path(vsource_path)}'
+		vd.vprintln('>>> vd.example_oks: ${vd.example_oks:5} | vd.example_failures: ${vd.example_failures:5} | examples.len: ${examples.len} | source.len: ${source.len:5} | dn.name: ${dn.name}')
+		cmd := '${os.quoted_path(vexe)} ${voptions} ${os.quoted_path(vsource_path)}'
 		res := os.execute(cmd)
 		if res.exit_code != 0 {
 			eprintln('${dn_to_location(dn)}:${term.ecolorize(term.red, 'error in documentation example')}')
-			eprintln('cmd: ${cmd}')
-			eprintln('result: ${res.output}')
-			failures++
+			eprintln('          cmd: ${cmd}')
+			eprintln(' example line: ${term.colorize(term.bright_yellow, example)}')
+			eprintln('       result:')
+			eprintln(res.output)
+			vd.example_failures++
 			continue
 		}
 		example_program_source_files << vsource_path
-		oks++
+		vd.example_oks++
 	}
-	vd.example_failures += failures
-	vd.example_oks += oks
 }

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/output_formats/README.md

@@ -11,6 +11,32 @@ This is a script `<script>console.log('hi from README.md');</script>` .
 
 ## Examples
 
+### Functions that return different literals:
+
+Example of a function returning boolean:
+```v
+fn is_odd(x int) bool {
+	if x % 2 == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+```
+
+Another example of a function returning a string:
+```v
+fn answer() string {
+	return '42'
+}
+```
+
+This example shows a function returning a string with interpolation:
+```v
+fn str_with_interplation() string {
+	return 'this string has ${42:6} interpolation in it.'
+}
+```
+
 ### Processing command line args
 
 ```v

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/output_formats/main.ansi

@@ -5,6 +5,25 @@ This is a link to the main V site.
 This is a bold text.
 This is a script <script>console.log('hi from README.md');</script> .
 Examples
+Functions that return different literals:
+Example of a function returning boolean:
+fn is_odd(x int) bool {
+    if x % 2 == 0 {
+        return false
+    }
+    return true
+}
+
+Another example of a function returning a string:
+fn answer() string {
+    return '42'
+}
+
+This example shows a function returning a string with interpolation:
+fn str_with_interplation() string {
+    return 'this string has ${42:6} interpolation in it.'
+}
+
 Processing command line args
 import os
 
@@ -150,6 +169,32 @@ The End.
     
     ## Examples
     
+    ### Functions that return different literals:
+    
+    Example of a function returning boolean:
+    ```v
+    fn is_odd(x int) bool {
+    	if x % 2 == 0 {
+    		return false
+    	}
+    	return true
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Another example of a function returning a string:
+    ```v
+    fn answer() string {
+    	return '42'
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    This example shows a function returning a string with interpolation:
+    ```v
+    fn str_with_interplation() string {
+    	return 'this string has ${42:6} interpolation in it.'
+    }
+    ```
+    
     ### Processing command line args
     
     ```v

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/output_formats/main.html

@@ -1,6 +1,29 @@
 <section id="readme_main" class="doc-node">
 			<div class="title"><h1> main <a href="#readme_main">#</a></h1></div>
-<h2>Description</h2><p>This is an example of a an .md file, used for adding more rich text documentation in a project or module.</p><p>This is a <a href="https://vlang.io/">link</a> to the main V site.</p><p>This is a <b>bold text</b>.</p><p>This is a script <code>&lt;script&gt;console.log('hi from README.md');&lt;/script&gt;</code> .</p><h2>Examples</h2><h3>Processing command line args</h3><pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">import</span> os
+<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
+<p>This is an example of a an .md file, used for adding more rich text documentation in a project or module.</p>
+<p>This is a <a href="https://vlang.io/">link</a> to the main V site.</p>
+<p>This is a <b>bold text</b>.</p>
+<p>This is a script <code>&lt;script&gt;console.log('hi from README.md');&lt;/script&gt;</code> .</p>
+<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
+<h3 id="functions-that-return-different-literals">Functions that return different literals:</h3>
+<p>Example of a function returning boolean:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function">is_odd</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
+    <span class="token keyword">if</span> x <span class="token operator">%</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
+        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
+    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
+    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
+<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
+<p>Another example of a function returning a string:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function">answer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
+    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">'42'</span>
+<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
+<p>This example shows a function returning a string with interpolation:</p>
+<pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function">str_with_interplation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
+    <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token string"> 'this string has </span><span class="token string_interp">$</span>{<span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">6</span>}<span class="token string"> interpolation in it.'</span>
+<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
+<h3 id="processing-command-line-args">Processing command line args</h3>
+<pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">import</span> os
 
 <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     <span class="token keyword">dump</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>os<span class="token punctuation">.</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
@@ -14,7 +37,9 @@
 
     ch <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token builtin">chan</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>cap<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
     ch <span class="token operator"><-</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
-<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre><h3>A JWT example (test syntax highlighting)</h3><pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">import</span> crypto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hmac
+<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
+<h3 id="a-jwt-example-test-syntax-highlighting">A JWT example (test syntax highlighting)</h3>
+<pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">import</span> crypto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hmac
 <span class="token keyword">import</span> crypto<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sha256
 <span class="token keyword">import</span> encoding<span class="token punctuation">.</span>base64
 <span class="token keyword">import</span> json
@@ -57,7 +82,9 @@
         sha256<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sum<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sha256<span class="token punctuation">.</span>block_size<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     signature_from_token <span class="token operator">:=</span> base64<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">url_decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token_split<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
     <span class="token keyword">return</span> hmac<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">equal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>signature_from_token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> signature_mirror<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre><h3>Other language specifiers</h3><pre><code class="language-cpp">##
+<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
+<h3 id="other-language-specifiers">Other language specifiers</h3>
+<pre><code class="language-cpp">##
 std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token builtin">map</span><span class="token operator"><</span>std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token builtin">string</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token symbol">my_map</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">'KEY_1'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">'KEY_2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
@@ -66,8 +93,11 @@ std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</sp
 <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> auto <span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>key<span class="token punctuation">,</span> value<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> my_map<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> key <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">': '</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> value <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">', '</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
 <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
-std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">'\n'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre><pre><code class="language-v">doc1 <span class="token operator">:=</span> toml<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse_text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token builtin">string</span> content<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">or</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
-doc2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> toml<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse_file</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator"><</span>file path<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">or</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre><h3>Escape html in strings</h3><pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">const</span> html <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+std<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">'\n'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
+<pre><code class="language-v">doc1 <span class="token operator">:=</span> toml<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse_text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token builtin">string</span> content<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">or</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
+doc2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> toml<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse_file</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator"><</span>file path<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">or</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">panic</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre>
+<h3 id="escape-html-in-strings">Escape html in strings</h3>
+<pre><code class="language-v"><span class="token keyword">const</span> html <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
 &lt;html lang=&#34;en&#34;&gt;
   &lt;head&gt;
     &lt;style&gt;
@@ -90,20 +120,33 @@ doc2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> toml<span class="token punctuation">
       console.log(res);
     }
   &lt;/script&gt;
-&lt;/html&gt;'</span></code></pre><ul><li>Regular markdown list point 1</li><li>List point 2</li><li>List point 3</li></ul><ol><li>Numbered markdown list point 1</li><li>List point 2</li><li>List point 3</li></ol><p>A code block without a specific language should be rendered verbatim:</p><pre><code>.
+&lt;/html&gt;'</span></code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Regular markdown list point 1</li>
+<li>List point 2</li>
+<li>List point 3</li></ul>
+<ol>
+<li>Numbered markdown list point 1</li>
+<li>List point 2</li>
+<li>List point 3</li></ol>
+<p>A code block without a specific language should be rendered verbatim:</p>
+<pre><code>.
 ├── static/
 │   ├── css/
 │   │   └── main.css
 │   └── js/
 │       └── main.js
 └── main.v
-</code></pre><p>The s tags here in the code block, should be rendered verbatim, not interpreted as HTML ones:</p><pre><code>h:m:s      // 5:02:33
+</code></pre>
+<p>The s tags here in the code block, should be rendered verbatim, not interpreted as HTML ones:</p>
+<pre><code>h:m:s      // 5:02:33
 m:s.mi&lt;s&gt;  // 2:33.015
 s.mi&lt;s&gt;    // 33.015s
 mi.mc&lt;ms&gt;  // 15.007ms
 mc.ns&lt;ns&gt;  // 7.234us
 ns&lt;ns&gt;     // 234ns
-</code></pre><p>The End.</p>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The End.</p>
 
 </section>
 

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/output_formats/main.text

@@ -11,6 +11,32 @@ module main
     
     ## Examples
     
+    ### Functions that return different literals:
+    
+    Example of a function returning boolean:
+    ```v
+    fn is_odd(x int) bool {
+    	if x % 2 == 0 {
+    		return false
+    	}
+    	return true
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    Another example of a function returning a string:
+    ```v
+    fn answer() string {
+    	return '42'
+    }
+    ```
+    
+    This example shows a function returning a string with interpolation:
+    ```v
+    fn str_with_interplation() string {
+    	return 'this string has ${42:6} interpolation in it.'
+    }
+    ```
+    
     ### Processing command line args
     
     ```v

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/readme_in_project_root/README.md

@@ -1 +1,18 @@
 hello from readme
+
+Example:
+```v
+fn is_odd(x int) bool {
+	if x % 2 == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+```
+
+Another example:
+```v
+fn answer() string {
+	return '42'
+}
+```

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/readme_in_project_root/src/main.readme.comments.out

@@ -1,4 +1,16 @@
 hello from readme
+Example:
+fn is_odd(x int) bool {
+    if x % 2 == 0 {
+        return false
+    }
+    return true
+}
+
+Another example:
+fn answer() string {
+    return '42'
+}
 module foo
 
 fn bar()

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_bad/main.comments.out

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module main
 
 fn abc()
-    abc just prints 'xyz'. The important thing however is the next line, that does an assertion, that should FAIL to be executed with `v doc -run-examples good.v`:
+    abc just prints 'xyz'. The important thing however is the next line, that does an assertion, that should FAIL to be executed with `v doc -unsafe-run-examples main.v`, and should compile with -check-examples:
     Example: assert 5 * 5 == 77

cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_bad/main.v

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // abc just prints 'xyz'. The important thing however is the next line, that does an assertion,
-// that should FAIL to be executed with `v doc -run-examples good.v`:
+// that should FAIL to be executed with `v doc -unsafe-run-examples main.v`, and should compile with -check-examples:
 // Example: assert 5 * 5 == 77
 pub fn abc() {
 	println('xyz')

cmd/tools/vdoc/theme/doc.css

@@ -747,6 +747,9 @@ button.copy {
 		padding: 0 1rem;
 		justify-content: space-between;
 	}
+	.doc-content > .doc-node > .title {
+		margin-top: 3.5em;
+	}
 }
 
 @media (min-width: 1024px) {

cmd/tools/vdoc/utils.v

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ fn set_output_type_from_str(format string) OutputType {
 		'md', 'markdown' { .markdown }
 		'json' { .json }
 		'text' { .plaintext }
+		'none' { .none }
 		else { .ansi }
 	}
 }

cmd/tools/vdoc/vdoc.v

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ struct Readme {
 
 enum OutputType {
 	unset
+	none
 	html
 	markdown
 	json
@@ -143,7 +144,6 @@ fn (mut vd VDoc) write_plaintext_content(contents []doc.DocNode, mut pw strings.
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			vd.run_examples(cn, mut pw)
 		}
 		vd.write_plaintext_content(cn.children, mut pw)
 	}
@@ -152,11 +152,14 @@ fn (mut vd VDoc) write_plaintext_content(contents []doc.DocNode, mut pw strings.
 fn (mut vd VDoc) render_doc(d doc.Doc, out Output) (string, string) {
 	name := vd.get_file_name(d.head.name, out)
 	output := match out.typ {
+		.none { '' }
 		.html { vd.gen_html(d) }
 		.markdown { vd.gen_markdown(d, true) }
 		.json { vd.gen_json(d) }
 		else { vd.gen_plaintext(d) }
 	}
+	contents := d.contents.arr()
+	vd.process_all_examples(contents)
 	return name, output
 }
 
@@ -188,12 +191,12 @@ fn (mut vd VDoc) work_processor(mut work sync.Channel, mut wg sync.WaitGroup) {
 			break
 		}
 		vd.vprintln('> start processing ${pdoc.d.base_path} ...')
-		flush_stdout()
 		file_name, content := vd.render_doc(pdoc.d, pdoc.out)
-		output_path := os.join_path(pdoc.out.path, file_name)
-		println('Generating ${pdoc.out.typ} in "${output_path}"')
-		flush_stdout()
-		os.write_file(output_path, content) or { panic(err) }
+		if vd.cfg.output_type != .none {
+			output_path := os.join_path(pdoc.out.path, file_name)
+			println('Generating ${content.len:8} bytes of ${pdoc.out.typ} in `${output_path}` ...')
+			os.write_file(output_path, content) or { panic(err) }
+		}
 	}
 	wg.done()
 }
@@ -278,6 +281,13 @@ fn (vd &VDoc) emit_generate_err(err IError) {
 }
 
 fn (mut vd VDoc) generate_docs_from_file() {
+	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
+	defer {
+		if vd.cfg.show_time {
+			println('Generation took: ${sw.elapsed().milliseconds()} ms.')
+		}
+	}
+
 	cfg := vd.cfg
 	mut out := Output{
 		path: cfg.output_path
@@ -295,7 +305,7 @@ fn (mut vd VDoc) generate_docs_from_file() {
 		ext := os.file_ext(out.path)
 		out.typ = set_output_type_from_str(ext.all_after('.'))
 	}
-	if cfg.include_readme && out.typ !in [.html, .ansi, .plaintext] {
+	if cfg.include_readme && out.typ !in [.html, .ansi, .plaintext, .none] {
 		eprintln('vdoc: Including README.md for doc generation is supported on HTML output, or when running directly in the terminal.')
 		exit(1)
 	}
@@ -436,15 +446,14 @@ fn (mut vd VDoc) generate_docs_from_file() {
 			vd.render_search_index(out)
 			// move favicons to target directory
 			println('Copying favicons...')
-
 			favicons_path := os.join_path(cfg.theme_dir, 'favicons')
-
 			favicons := os.ls(favicons_path) or { panic(err) }
 			for favicon in favicons {
 				favicon_path := os.join_path(favicons_path, favicon)
 				destination_path := os.join_path(out.path, favicon)
 				os.cp(favicon_path, destination_path) or { panic(err) }
 			}
+			println('Copied ${favicons.len} icons to `${out.path}` .')
 		}
 	}
 }

cmd/tools/vdoc/vdoc_file_test.v

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// vtest retry: 3
 import os
 import rand
 import term
@@ -44,31 +45,6 @@ fn test_output() {
 	assert total_fails == 0
 }
 
-fn test_run_examples_good() {
-	os.setenv('VCOLORS', 'never', true)
-	os.chdir(vroot)!
-	res := os.execute('${vexe} doc -comments -run-examples cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_good/main.v')
-	assert res.exit_code == 0
-	assert res.output.contains('module main'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('fn abc()'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains("abc just prints 'xyz'"), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('and should succeed'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('Example: assert 5 * 5 == 25'), res.output
-}
-
-fn test_run_examples_bad() {
-	os.setenv('VCOLORS', 'never', true)
-	os.chdir(vroot)!
-	res := os.execute('${vexe} doc -comments -run-examples cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_bad/main.v')
-	assert res.exit_code != 0
-	assert res.output.contains('error in documentation example'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains(' left value: 5 * 5 = 25'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('right value: 77'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('V panic: Assertion failed...'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('module main'), res.output
-	assert res.output.contains('Example: assert 5 * 5 == 77'), res.output
-}
-
 const small_pure_v_vlib_module = 'bitfield'
 
 fn test_out_path() {

cmd/tools/vdoc/vdoc_run_examples_test.v

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import os
+
+const vexe_path = @VEXE
+const vexe = os.quoted_path(vexe_path)
+const vroot = os.dir(vexe_path)
+
+fn testsuite_begin() {
+	os.setenv('VCOLORS', 'never', true)
+	os.chdir(vroot)!
+}
+
+fn test_check_examples_good() {
+	cmd := '${vexe} doc -comments -check-examples cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_good/main.v'
+	println('${@METHOD:30} running ${cmd} ...')
+	res := os.execute(cmd)
+	assert res.exit_code == 0
+	assert res.output.contains('module main'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('fn abc()'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains("abc just prints 'xyz'"), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('and should succeed'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('Example: assert 5 * 5 == 25'), res.output
+}
+
+fn test_check_examples_bad() {
+	cmd := '${vexe} doc -comments -check-examples cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_bad/main.v'
+	println('${@METHOD:30} running ${cmd} ...')
+	res := os.execute(cmd)
+	assert res.exit_code == 0
+	assert res.output.contains('module main'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('Example: assert 5 * 5 == 77'), res.output
+}
+
+fn test_run_examples_good() {
+	cmd := '${vexe} doc -comments -unsafe-run-examples cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_good/main.v'
+	println('${@METHOD:30} running ${cmd} ...')
+	res := os.execute(cmd)
+	assert res.exit_code == 0
+	assert res.output.contains('module main'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('fn abc()'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains("abc just prints 'xyz'"), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('and should succeed'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('Example: assert 5 * 5 == 25'), res.output
+}
+
+fn test_run_examples_bad() {
+	cmd := '${vexe} doc -comments -unsafe-run-examples cmd/tools/vdoc/testdata/run_examples_bad/main.v'
+	println('${@METHOD:30} running ${cmd} ...')
+	res := os.execute(cmd)
+	assert res.exit_code != 0
+	assert res.output.contains('error in documentation example'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains(' left value: 5 * 5 = 25'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('right value: 77'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('V panic: Assertion failed...'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('module main'), res.output
+	assert res.output.contains('Example: assert 5 * 5 == 77'), res.output
+}

cmd/tools/vfmt.v

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ struct FormatOptions {
 	is_worker  bool // true *only* in the worker processes. Note: workers can crash.
 	is_backup  bool // make a `file.v.bak` copy *before* overwriting a `file.v` in place with `-w`
 	in_process bool // do not fork a worker process; potentially faster, but more prone to crashes for invalid files
+	is_new_int bool // Forcefully cast the `int` type in @[translated] modules or in the definition of `C.func` to the `i32` type.
 mut:
 	diff_cmd string // filled in when -diff or -verify is passed
 }
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ fn main() {
 		is_verify:  '-verify' in args
 		is_backup:  '-backup' in args
 		in_process: '-inprocess' in args
+		is_new_int: '-new_int' in args
 	}
 	if term_colors {
 		os.setenv('VCOLORS', 'always', true)
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ fn (foptions &FormatOptions) vlog(msg string) {
 fn (foptions &FormatOptions) formated_content_from_file(prefs &pref.Preferences, file string) string {
 	mut table := ast.new_table()
 	file_ast := parser.parse_file(file, mut table, .parse_comments, prefs)
+	table.new_int = foptions.is_new_int
 	formated_content := fmt.fmt(file_ast, mut table, prefs, foptions.is_debug)
 	return formated_content
 }
@@ -202,6 +205,7 @@ fn (foptions &FormatOptions) format_file(file string) {
 	prefs, mut table := setup_preferences_and_table()
 	file_ast := parser.parse_file(file, mut table, .parse_comments, prefs)
 	// checker.new_checker(table, prefs).check(file_ast)
+	table.new_int = foptions.is_new_int
 	formatted_content := fmt.fmt(file_ast, mut table, prefs, foptions.is_debug)
 	os.write_file(vfmt_output_path, formatted_content) or { panic(err) }
 	foptions.vlog('fmt.fmt worked and ${formatted_content.len} bytes were written to ${vfmt_output_path} .')
@@ -214,6 +218,7 @@ fn (foptions &FormatOptions) format_pipe() {
 	input_text := os.get_raw_lines_joined()
 	file_ast := parser.parse_text(input_text, '', mut table, .parse_comments, prefs)
 	// checker.new_checker(table, prefs).check(file_ast)
+	table.new_int = foptions.is_new_int
 	formatted_content := fmt.fmt(file_ast, mut table, prefs, foptions.is_debug,
 		source_text: input_text
 	)

cmd/tools/vls.v

@@ -64,12 +64,6 @@ const vls_src_folder = os.join_path(vls_folder, 'src')
 const server_not_found_err = error_with_code('Language server is not installed nor found.',
 	101)
 
-const json_enc = json2.Encoder{
-	newline:              `\n`
-	newline_spaces_count: 2
-	escape_unicode:       false
-}
-
 fn (upd VlsUpdater) check_or_create_vls_folder() ! {
 	if !os.exists(vls_folder) {
 		upd.log('Creating .vls folder...')
@@ -106,22 +100,11 @@ fn (upd VlsUpdater) update_manifest(new_path string, from_source bool, timestamp
 		}
 	}
 
-	mut manifest_file := os.open_file(vls_manifest_path, 'w+')!
-	defer {
-		manifest_file.close()
-	}
-
 	manifest['server_path'] = json2.Any(new_path)
 	manifest['last_updated'] = json2.Any(timestamp.format_ss())
 	manifest['from_source'] = json2.Any(from_source)
 
-	mut buffer := []u8{}
-
-	json_enc.encode_value(manifest, mut buffer)!
-
-	manifest_file.write(buffer)!
-
-	unsafe { buffer.free() }
+	os.write_file(vls_manifest_path, json2.encode(manifest))!
 }
 
 fn (upd VlsUpdater) init_download_prebuilt() ! {

cmd/tools/vrepeat.v

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ mut:
 	warmup                  int
 	show_help               bool
 	show_output             bool
+	is_silent               bool // do not print progress lines
 	use_newline             bool // use \n instead of \r, so the last line is not overwritten
 	fail_on_regress_percent int
 	fail_on_maxtime         int // in ms
@@ -135,11 +136,11 @@ fn bold(s string) string {
 }
 
 fn (a Aints) str() string {
-	avg := bold('${a.average / 1000:5.1f}ms')
-	tdev := c(tred, '${a.stddev / 1000:5.1f}ms')
+	avg := bold('${a.average / 1000:6.1f}ms')
+	tdev := c(tred, '${a.stddev / 1000:6.1f}ms')
 	baseline := '${avg} ± σ: ${tdev},'
-	tmin := c(tbcyan, '${f64(a.imin) / 1000:5.1f}ms')
-	tmax := c(tbblue, '${f64(a.imax) / 1000:5.1f}ms')
+	tmin := c(tbcyan, '${f64(a.imin) / 1000:6.1f}ms')
+	tmax := c(tbblue, '${f64(a.imax) / 1000:6.1f}ms')
 	return '${baseline:-46s} ${tmin}…${tmax}'
 }
 
@@ -149,9 +150,19 @@ fn flushed_print(s string) {
 }
 
 fn (mut context Context) clear_line() {
+	if context.is_silent {
+		return
+	}
 	flushed_print(context.cline)
 }
 
+fn (mut context Context) flushed_print(s string) {
+	if context.is_silent {
+		return
+	}
+	flushed_print(s)
+}
+
 fn (mut context Context) expand_all_commands(commands []string) []string {
 	mut all_commands := []string{}
 	for cmd in commands {
@@ -165,14 +176,10 @@ fn (mut context Context) expand_all_commands(commands []string) []string {
 					scmd := cscmd.replace('{${paramk}}', paramv)
 					new_substituted_commands << scmd
 				}
-				for sc in new_substituted_commands {
-					substituted_commands << sc
-				}
+				substituted_commands << new_substituted_commands
 			}
 		}
-		for sc in substituted_commands {
-			all_commands << sc
-		}
+		all_commands << substituted_commands
 	}
 	mut unique := map[string]int{}
 	for x in all_commands {
@@ -195,11 +202,11 @@ fn (mut context Context) run() {
 			series_label := '${icmd + 1}/${context.commands.len}, ${si + 1}/${context.series}'
 			line_prefix := '${context.cgoback}Command: ${c(tgray, cmd)}, ${series_label:9}'
 			if context.series != 1 || context.commands.len != 1 {
-				flushed_print(line_prefix)
+				context.flushed_print(line_prefix)
 			}
 			if context.warmup > 0 {
 				for i in 0 .. context.warmup {
-					flushed_print('${line_prefix}, warm up run: ${i + 1:4}/${context.warmup:-4}, took: ${f64(duration) / 1000:6.1f}ms ...')
+					context.flushed_print('${line_prefix}, warm up run: ${i + 1:4}/${context.warmup:-4}, took: ${f64(duration) / 1000:6.1f}ms ...')
 					mut sw := time.new_stopwatch()
 					res := os.execute(cmd)
 					duration = i64(sw.elapsed().microseconds())
@@ -234,16 +241,15 @@ fn (mut context Context) run() {
 				runs++
 				avg = (f64(sum) / f64(i + 1))
 				cavg := '${avg / 1000:9.3f}ms'
-				flushed_print('${line_prefix}, current average: ${c(tgreen, cavg)}, run ${i + 1:4}/${context.run_count:-4}, took: ${f64(duration) / 1000:6} ms')
+				context.flushed_print('${line_prefix}, current average: ${c(tgreen, cavg)}, run ${
+					i + 1:4}/${context.run_count:-4}, took: ${f64(duration) / 1000:6} ms')
 				if context.show_output {
-					flushed_print(' | result: ${oldres:s}')
+					context.flushed_print(' | result: ${oldres:s}')
 				}
 				trimmed_output := res.output.trim_right('\r\n')
 				trimmed_normalized := trimmed_output.replace('\r\n', '\n')
 				lines := trimmed_normalized.split('\n')
-				for line in lines {
-					context.results[icmd].outputs << line
-				}
+				context.results[icmd].outputs << lines
 				context.results[icmd].timings << duration
 				oldres = res.output.replace('\n', ' ')
 				if should_show_fail_output {
@@ -257,7 +263,7 @@ fn (mut context Context) run() {
 			context.results[icmd].atiming = new_aints(context.results[icmd].timings, context.nmins,
 				context.nmaxs)
 			context.clear_line()
-			flushed_print(context.cgoback)
+			context.flushed_print(context.cgoback)
 			context.show_timings_details(si, icmd, cmd)
 		}
 	}
@@ -345,9 +351,9 @@ fn (mut context Context) show_diff_summary() {
 			}
 			mut comparison := ''
 			if r.atiming.average != base {
-				comparison = '${cpercent:+6.1f}%'
+				comparison = '${cpercent:+8.1f}%'
 			}
-			mut tcomparison := 'base        '
+			mut tcomparison := '  base          '
 			if r.atiming.average != base {
 				tcomparison = readable_comparison(r.atiming.average, base, cpercent)
 			}
@@ -381,12 +387,12 @@ fn readable_comparison(tcurrent f64, tbase f64, cpercent f64) string {
 		if !is_same {
 			label = c(tgreen, 'faster')
 		}
-		return '${tbase / tcurrent:4.2f}x ${label}'
+		return '${tbase / tcurrent:6.2f}x ${label}'
 	} else {
 		if !is_same {
 			label = c(tcyan, 'slower')
 		}
-		return '${tcurrent / tbase:4.2f}x ${label}'
+		return '${tcurrent / tbase:6.2f}x ${label}'
 	}
 }
 
@@ -421,6 +427,10 @@ fn (mut context Context) parse_options() ! {
 	context.ignore_failed = fp.bool('ignore', `e`, false, 'Ignore failed commands (returning a non 0 exit code).')
 	context.no_vexe_setenv = fp.bool('no_vexe_reset', `N`, false, 'Do not reset the VEXE env variable at the start. \n                            By default, VEXE will be set to "", to allow for measuring different V executables. Use this option to override it')
 	context.use_newline = fp.bool('newline', `n`, false, 'Use \\n, do not overwrite the last line. Produces more output, but easier to diagnose.')
+	context.is_silent = fp.bool('silent', `S`, false, 'Do not show progress lines, print only the final summary. Suitable for CIs.')
+	if os.getenv('VREPEAT_SILENT') != '' {
+		context.is_silent = true
+	}
 	context.show_output = fp.bool('output', `O`, false, 'Show command stdout/stderr in the progress indicator for each command. Note: slower, for verbose commands.')
 	context.verbose = fp.bool('verbose', `v`, false, 'Be more verbose.')
 	context.fail_on_maxtime = fp.int('max_time', `m`, max_time, 'Fail with exit code 2, when first cmd takes above M milliseconds (regression). Default: ${max_time}')

cmd/tools/vrepl.v

@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ fn run_repl(workdir string, vrepl_prefix string) int {
 			prompt = '... '
 		}
 		oline := r.get_one_line(prompt) or { break }
-		line := oline.trim_space()
+		line := oline.all_before('//').trim_space()
 		if line == '' {
 			continue
 		}

cmd/tools/vretry.v

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ fn main() {
 	fp.skip_executable()
 	fp.limit_free_args_to_at_least(1)!
 	context.show_help = fp.bool('help', `h`, false, 'Show this help screen.')
-	context.timeout = fp.float('timeout', `t`, 600.0, 'Timeout in seconds (for all retries). Default: 600.0 seconds (10 minutes).') * time.second
+	context.timeout = fp.float('timeout', `t`, 900.0, 'Timeout in seconds (for all retries). Default: 900.0 seconds (15 minutes).') * time.second
 	context.delay = fp.float('delay', `d`, 1.0, 'Delay between each retry in seconds. Default: 1.0 second.') * time.second
 	context.retries = fp.int('retries', `r`, 10, 'Maximum number of retries. Default: 10.')
 	if context.show_help {

cmd/tools/vscan.v

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ module main
 
 import os
 import v.scanner
-import v.pref
 import v.token
 import flag
 
@@ -13,13 +12,20 @@ fn main() {
 	fp.description('\nScan .v source files, and print the V tokens contained in them.')
 	fp.arguments_description('PATH [PATH]...')
 	fp.limit_free_args_to_at_least(1)!
-	pref_ := pref.new_preferences()
 	mut all_paths := fp.remaining_parameters()
 	for path in all_paths {
-		mut scanner_ := scanner.new_scanner_file(path, .parse_comments, pref_)!
+		content := os.read_file(path) or {
+			eprintln('> could not read: ${path}, skipping; err: ${err}')
+			continue
+		}
+		mut scanner_ := scanner.new_silent_scanner()
+		scanner_.prepare_for_new_text(content)
+		scanner_.is_fmt = false
+		scanner_.pref.output_mode = .stdout
+		scanner_.comments_mode = .skip_comments
 		mut tok := token.Token{}
 		for tok.kind != .eof {
-			tok = scanner_.scan()
+			tok = scanner_.text_scan()
 			pos := tok.pos()
 			location := '${path}:${pos.line_nr + 1}:${pos.col + 1}:'
 			println('${location:-32} | pos: ${pos.pos:-5} | ${tok.debug()}')

cmd/tools/vtest-all.v

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ import os
 import term
 import time
 
+type FnCheck = fn () !
+
+type OneOrManyStrings = string | []string
+
 const vexe_path = os.getenv('VEXE')
 
 const vroot = os.dir(vexe_path)
@@ -27,7 +31,7 @@ fn main() {
 	// summary
 	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
 	for mut cmd in commands {
-		cmd.run()
+		cmd.run()?
 	}
 	spent := sw.elapsed().milliseconds()
 	oks := commands.filter(it.ecode == 0)
@@ -55,16 +59,6 @@ enum RunCommandKind {
 	execute
 }
 
-const expect_nothing = '<nothing>'
-
-const starts_with_nothing = '<nothing>'
-
-const ends_with_nothing = '<nothing>'
-
-const contains_nothing = '<nothing>'
-
-type FnCheck = fn () !
-
 struct Command {
 mut:
 	line        string
@@ -72,12 +66,12 @@ mut:
 	ecode       int
 	okmsg       string
 	errmsg      string
-	rmfile      string
+	rmfile      ?OneOrManyStrings
 	runcmd      RunCommandKind = .system
-	expect      string         = expect_nothing
-	starts_with string         = starts_with_nothing
-	ends_with   string         = ends_with_nothing
-	contains    string         = contains_nothing
+	expect      ?string
+	starts_with ?string
+	ends_with   ?string
+	contains    ?string
 	output      string
 	before_cb   FnCheck = unsafe { nil }
 	after_cb    FnCheck = unsafe { nil }
@@ -90,6 +84,11 @@ fn get_all_commands() []Command {
 		okmsg:  'V can compile hello world.'
 		rmfile: 'examples/hello_world'
 	}
+	res << Command{
+		line:   '${vexe} -W -Wimpure-v examples/hello_world.v'
+		okmsg:  'V can compile hello world with the stricter `-W -Wimpure-v` mode .'
+		rmfile: 'examples/hello_world'
+	}
 	$if linux {
 		if l2w_crosscc != '' {
 			res << Command{
@@ -223,18 +222,18 @@ fn get_all_commands() []Command {
 		res << Command{
 			line:   '${vexe} -os linux -experimental -b native -o hw.linux examples/hello_world.v'
 			okmsg:  'V compiles hello_world.v on the native backend for linux'
-			rmfile: 'hw.linux'
+			rmfile: ['hw.linux', 'hw.linux.o']
 		}
 		res << Command{
 			line:   '${vexe} -os macos -experimental -b native -o hw.macos examples/hello_world.v'
 			okmsg:  'V compiles hello_world.v on the native backend for macos'
-			rmfile: 'hw.macos'
+			rmfile: ['hw.macos', 'hw.macos.o']
 		}
 		$if windows {
 			res << Command{
 				line:   '${vexe} -os windows -experimental -b native -o hw.exe examples/hello_world.v'
 				okmsg:  'V compiles hello_world.v on the native backend for windows'
-				rmfile: 'hw.exe'
+				rmfile: ['hw.exe', 'hw.o']
 			}
 		}
 		//
@@ -442,7 +441,7 @@ fn get_all_commands() []Command {
 	return res
 }
 
-fn (mut cmd Command) run() {
+fn (mut cmd Command) run() ? {
 	// Changing the current directory is needed for some of the compiler tests,
 	// vlib/v/tests/local_test.v and vlib/v/tests/repl/repl_test.v
 	os.chdir(vroot) or {}
@@ -485,25 +484,25 @@ fn (mut cmd Command) run() {
 	if cmd.ecode != 0 {
 		is_failed = true
 	}
-	if cmd.expect != expect_nothing {
+	if cmd.expect != none {
 		if cmd.output != cmd.expect {
 			is_failed = true
 			is_failed_expected = true
 		}
 	}
-	if cmd.starts_with != starts_with_nothing {
+	if cmd.starts_with != none {
 		if !cmd.output.starts_with(cmd.starts_with) {
 			is_failed = true
 			is_failed_starts_with = true
 		}
 	}
-	if cmd.ends_with != ends_with_nothing {
+	if cmd.ends_with != none {
 		if !cmd.output.ends_with(cmd.ends_with) {
 			is_failed = true
 			is_failed_ends_with = true
 		}
 	}
-	if cmd.contains != contains_nothing {
+	if cmd.contains != none {
 		if !cmd.output.contains(cmd.contains) {
 			is_failed = true
 			is_failed_contains = true
@@ -518,25 +517,22 @@ fn (mut cmd Command) run() {
 		eprintln('>   output:\n${cmd.output}')
 	}
 	if is_failed && is_failed_starts_with {
-		eprintln('> expected to start with:\n${cmd.starts_with}')
-		eprintln('>                 output:\n${cmd.output#[..cmd.starts_with.len]}')
+		eprintln('> expected to start with:\n${cmd.starts_with?}')
+		eprintln('>                 output:\n${cmd.output#[..cmd.starts_with?.len]}')
 	}
 	if is_failed && is_failed_ends_with {
-		eprintln('> expected to end with:\n${cmd.ends_with}')
-		eprintln('>               output:\n${cmd.output#[-cmd.starts_with.len..]}')
+		eprintln('> expected to end with:\n${cmd.ends_with?}')
+		eprintln('>               output:\n${cmd.output#[-cmd.starts_with?.len..]}')
 	}
 	if is_failed && is_failed_contains {
-		eprintln('> expected to contain:\n${cmd.contains}')
+		eprintln('> expected to contain:\n${cmd.contains?}')
 		eprintln('>              output:\n${cmd.output}')
 	}
 	if vtest_nocleanup {
 		return
 	}
-	if cmd.rmfile != '' {
+	if cmd.rmfile != none {
 		mut file_existed := rm_existing(cmd.rmfile)
-		if os.user_os() == 'windows' {
-			file_existed = file_existed || rm_existing(cmd.rmfile + '.exe')
-		}
 		if !file_existed {
 			eprintln('Expected file did not exist: ${cmd.rmfile}')
 			cmd.ecode = 999
@@ -544,10 +540,33 @@ fn (mut cmd Command) run() {
 	}
 }
 
+fn rm_existing(paths OneOrManyStrings) bool {
+	match paths {
+		string {
+			return rm_existing_file(paths)
+		}
+		[]string {
+			mut existing := false
+			for path in paths {
+				existing ||= rm_existing_file(path)
+			}
+			return existing
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // try to remove a file, return if it existed before the removal attempt
-fn rm_existing(path string) bool {
-	existed := os.exists(path)
+fn rm_existing_file(path string) bool {
+	mut existed := os.exists(path)
 	os.rm(path) or {}
+
+	win_path := path + '.exe'
+	if os.exists(win_path) {
+		existed = true
+		os.rm(win_path) or {}
+	}
+
 	return existed
 }
 

cmd/tools/vtimeout_test.v

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// vtest retry: 3
 import os
 import time
 
@@ -29,22 +30,22 @@ fn execute(cmd string) os.Result {
 
 fn test_normal_exit_without_timeout_echo() {
 	depend_on_command('echo') or { return }
-	ee := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.2 echo')
+	ee := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.5 echo')
 	assert ee.exit_code == 0, ee.output
-	res := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.2 echo z123')
+	res := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.5 echo z123')
 	assert res.exit_code == 0, res.output
 	assert res.output.contains('z123')
 }
 
 fn test_normal_exit_without_timeout_sleep() {
 	depend_on_command('sleep') or { return }
-	res := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.4 sleep 0.1')
+	res := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.5 sleep 0.1')
 	assert res.exit_code == 0, res.output
 	assert res.output == ''
 }
 
 fn test_exit_with_timeout() {
 	depend_on_command('sleep') or { return }
-	res := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.2 sleep 2')
+	res := execute('${qvexe} timeout 0.5 sleep 3')
 	assert res.exit_code == 124, res.output
 }

cmd/v/v.v

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import v.util.version
 import v.builder
 import v.builder.cbuilder
 
+@[markused]
 const external_tools = [
 	'ast',
 	'bin2v',

doc/docs.md

@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ by using any of the following commands in a terminal:
     * [Methods](#methods)
     * [Embedded structs](#embedded-structs)
 * [Unions](#unions)
+    * [Why use unions?](#why-use-unions)
+    * [Embedding](#embedding)
 
 </td><td valign=top>
 
@@ -2853,7 +2855,36 @@ targeted.
 
 ## Unions
 
-Just like structs, unions support embedding.
+A union is a special type of struct that allows storing different data types in the same memory
+location. You can define a union with many members, but only one member may contain a valid value
+at any time, depending on the data types of the members. Unions provide an efficient way of using
+the same memory location for multiple purposes.
+
+All the members of a union share the same memory location. This means that modifying one member
+automatically modifies all the rest. The largest union member defines the size of the union.
+
+### Why use unions?
+
+One reason, as stated above, is to use less memory for storing things.  Since the size of a union
+is the size of the largest field in it, and the size of a struct is the size of all the fields in
+the struct added together, a union is definitely better for lower memory usage.  As long as you
+only need one of the fields to be valid at any time, the union wins.
+
+Another reason is to allow easier access to parts of a field.  For example, without using a union,
+if you want to look at each of the bytes of a 32-bit integer separately, you'll need bitwise
+`RIGHT-SHIFT`s and `AND` operations.  With a union, you can access the individual bytes directly.
+```v
+union ThirtyTwo {
+	a u32
+	b [4]u8
+}
+```
+Since `ThirtyTwo.a` and `ThirtyTwo.b` share the same memory locations, you can directly access
+each byte of `a` by referencing `b[byte_offset]`.
+
+### Embedding
+
+Unions also support embedding, the same as structs.
 
 ```v
 struct Rgba32_Component {
@@ -4190,6 +4221,18 @@ user := repo.find_user_by_id(7) or {
 }
 ```
 
+Use `err is ...` to compare errors:
+```v oksyntax
+import io
+
+x := read() or {
+	if err is io.Eof {
+		println('end of file')
+	}
+	return
+}
+```
+
 #### Options/results when returning multiple values
 
 Only one `Option` or `Result` is allowed to be returned from a function. It is
@@ -6095,6 +6138,10 @@ that are substituted at compile time:
 - `@BUILD_DATE` => replaced with the build date, for example '2024-09-13' .
 - `@BUILD_TIME` => replaced with the build time, for example '12:32:07' .
 - `@BUILD_TIMESTAMP` => replaced with the build timestamp, for example '1726219885' .
+- `@OS` => replaced with the OS type, for example 'linux' .
+- `@CCOMPILER` => replaced with the C compiler type, for example 'gcc' .
+- `@BACKEND` => replaced with current language backend, for example 'c' or 'golang' .
+- `@PLATFORM` => replaced with the platform type, for example 'amd64' .
 Note: `@BUILD_DATE`, `@BUILD_TIME`, `@BUILD_TIMESTAMP` represent times in the UTC timezone.
 By default, they are based on the current time of the compilation/build. They can be overridden
 by setting the environment variable `SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH`. That is also useful while making
@@ -8354,4 +8401,4 @@ This is the place to be, to discuss the V language, learn about latest
 developments, quickly get help with issues, witness/participate in
 ~~epic flame wars~~ constructive criticism exchanges and design decisions.
 Join it, and learn more about languages, games, editors, people, Klingons,
-Conway's law and the universe.
+Conway's law and the universe.

examples/2048/2048.v

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import gg
-import gx
 import math
 import math.easing
 import os.asset
@@ -52,76 +51,76 @@ mut:
 }
 
 struct Theme {
-	bg_color        gx.Color
-	padding_color   gx.Color
-	text_color      gx.Color
-	game_over_color gx.Color
-	victory_color   gx.Color
-	tile_colors     []gx.Color
+	bg_color        gg.Color
+	padding_color   gg.Color
+	text_color      gg.Color
+	game_over_color gg.Color
+	victory_color   gg.Color
+	tile_colors     []gg.Color
 }
 
 const themes = [
 	&Theme{
-		bg_color:        gx.rgb(250, 248, 239)
-		padding_color:   gx.rgb(143, 130, 119)
-		victory_color:   gx.rgb(100, 160, 100)
-		game_over_color: gx.rgb(190, 50, 50)
-		text_color:      gx.black
+		bg_color:        gg.rgb(250, 248, 239)
+		padding_color:   gg.rgb(143, 130, 119)
+		victory_color:   gg.rgb(100, 160, 100)
+		game_over_color: gg.rgb(190, 50, 50)
+		text_color:      gg.black
 		tile_colors:     [
-			gx.rgb(205, 193, 180), // Empty / 0 tile
-			gx.rgb(238, 228, 218), // 2
-			gx.rgb(237, 224, 200), // 4
-			gx.rgb(242, 177, 121), // 8
-			gx.rgb(245, 149, 99), // 16
-			gx.rgb(246, 124, 95), // 32
-			gx.rgb(246, 94, 59), // 64
-			gx.rgb(237, 207, 114), // 128
-			gx.rgb(237, 204, 97), // 256
-			gx.rgb(237, 200, 80), // 512
-			gx.rgb(237, 197, 63), // 1024
-			gx.rgb(237, 194, 46),
+			gg.rgb(205, 193, 180), // Empty / 0 tile
+			gg.rgb(238, 228, 218), // 2
+			gg.rgb(237, 224, 200), // 4
+			gg.rgb(242, 177, 121), // 8
+			gg.rgb(245, 149, 99), // 16
+			gg.rgb(246, 124, 95), // 32
+			gg.rgb(246, 94, 59), // 64
+			gg.rgb(237, 207, 114), // 128
+			gg.rgb(237, 204, 97), // 256
+			gg.rgb(237, 200, 80), // 512
+			gg.rgb(237, 197, 63), // 1024
+			gg.rgb(237, 194, 46),
 		]
 	},
 	&Theme{
-		bg_color:        gx.rgb(55, 55, 55)
-		padding_color:   gx.rgb(68, 60, 59)
-		victory_color:   gx.rgb(100, 160, 100)
-		game_over_color: gx.rgb(190, 50, 50)
-		text_color:      gx.white
+		bg_color:        gg.rgb(55, 55, 55)
+		padding_color:   gg.rgb(68, 60, 59)
+		victory_color:   gg.rgb(100, 160, 100)
+		game_over_color: gg.rgb(190, 50, 50)
+		text_color:      gg.white
 		tile_colors:     [
-			gx.rgb(123, 115, 108),
-			gx.rgb(142, 136, 130),
-			gx.rgb(142, 134, 120),
-			gx.rgb(145, 106, 72),
-			gx.rgb(147, 89, 59),
-			gx.rgb(147, 74, 57),
-			gx.rgb(147, 56, 35),
-			gx.rgb(142, 124, 68),
-			gx.rgb(142, 122, 58),
-			gx.rgb(142, 120, 48),
-			gx.rgb(142, 118, 37),
-			gx.rgb(142, 116, 27),
+			gg.rgb(123, 115, 108),
+			gg.rgb(142, 136, 130),
+			gg.rgb(142, 134, 120),
+			gg.rgb(145, 106, 72),
+			gg.rgb(147, 89, 59),
+			gg.rgb(147, 74, 57),
+			gg.rgb(147, 56, 35),
+			gg.rgb(142, 124, 68),
+			gg.rgb(142, 122, 58),
+			gg.rgb(142, 120, 48),
+			gg.rgb(142, 118, 37),
+			gg.rgb(142, 116, 27),
 		]
 	},
 	&Theme{
-		bg_color:        gx.rgb(38, 38, 66)
-		padding_color:   gx.rgb(58, 50, 74)
-		victory_color:   gx.rgb(100, 160, 100)
-		game_over_color: gx.rgb(190, 50, 50)
-		text_color:      gx.white
+		bg_color:        gg.rgb(38, 38, 66)
+		padding_color:   gg.rgb(58, 50, 74)
+		victory_color:   gg.rgb(100, 160, 100)
+		game_over_color: gg.rgb(190, 50, 50)
+		text_color:      gg.white
 		tile_colors:     [
-			gx.rgb(92, 86, 140),
-			gx.rgb(106, 99, 169),
-			gx.rgb(106, 97, 156),
-			gx.rgb(108, 79, 93),
-			gx.rgb(110, 66, 76),
-			gx.rgb(110, 55, 74),
-			gx.rgb(110, 42, 45),
-			gx.rgb(106, 93, 88),
-			gx.rgb(106, 91, 75),
-			gx.rgb(106, 90, 62),
-			gx.rgb(106, 88, 48),
-			gx.rgb(106, 87, 35),
+			gg.rgb(92, 86, 140),
+			gg.rgb(106, 99, 169),
+			gg.rgb(106, 97, 156),
+			gg.rgb(108, 79, 93),
+			gg.rgb(110, 66, 76),
+			gg.rgb(110, 55, 74),
+			gg.rgb(110, 42, 45),
+			gg.rgb(106, 93, 88),
+			gg.rgb(106, 91, 75),
+			gg.rgb(106, 90, 62),
+			gg.rgb(106, 88, 48),
+			gg.rgb(106, 87, 35),
 		]
 	},
 ]
@@ -518,32 +517,32 @@ fn (mut app App) ai_move() {
 	app.move(bestprediction.move)
 }
 
-fn (app &App) label_format(kind LabelKind) gx.TextCfg {
+fn (app &App) label_format(kind LabelKind) gg.TextCfg {
 	match kind {
 		.keys {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
-				color:          gx.Color{150, 150, 255, 200}
+			return gg.TextCfg{
+				color:          gg.Color{150, 150, 255, 200}
 				align:          .center
 				vertical_align: .bottom
 				size:           app.ui.font_size / 4
 			}
 		}
 		.points {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
-				color: if app.state in [.over, .victory] { gx.white } else { app.theme.text_color }
+			return gg.TextCfg{
+				color: if app.state in [.over, .victory] { gg.white } else { app.theme.text_color }
 				align: .left
 				size:  app.ui.font_size / 2
 			}
 		}
 		.moves {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
-				color: if app.state in [.over, .victory] { gx.white } else { app.theme.text_color }
+			return gg.TextCfg{
+				color: if app.state in [.over, .victory] { gg.white } else { app.theme.text_color }
 				align: .right
 				size:  app.ui.font_size / 2
 			}
 		}
 		.tile {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
+			return gg.TextCfg{
 				color:          app.theme.text_color
 				align:          .center
 				vertical_align: .middle
@@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ fn (app &App) label_format(kind LabelKind) gx.TextCfg {
 			}
 		}
 		.victory {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
+			return gg.TextCfg{
 				color:          app.theme.victory_color
 				align:          .center
 				vertical_align: .middle
@@ -559,7 +558,7 @@ fn (app &App) label_format(kind LabelKind) gx.TextCfg {
 			}
 		}
 		.game_over {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
+			return gg.TextCfg{
 				color:          app.theme.game_over_color
 				align:          .center
 				vertical_align: .middle
@@ -567,8 +566,8 @@ fn (app &App) label_format(kind LabelKind) gx.TextCfg {
 			}
 		}
 		.score_end {
-			return gx.TextCfg{
-				color:          gx.white
+			return gg.TextCfg{
+				color:          gg.white
 				align:          .center
 				vertical_align: .middle
 				size:           app.ui.font_size * 3 / 4
@@ -623,18 +622,18 @@ fn (app &App) draw() {
 	app.draw_tiles()
 	// TODO: Make transparency work in `gg`
 	if app.state == .over {
-		app.gg.draw_rect_filled(0, 0, ww, wh, gx.rgba(10, 0, 0, 180))
+		app.gg.draw_rect_filled(0, 0, ww, wh, gg.rgba(10, 0, 0, 180))
 		app.gg.draw_text(ww / 2, (m * 4 / 10) + ypad, 'Game Over', app.label_format(.game_over))
 		f := app.label_format(.tile)
 		msg := $if android { 'Tap to restart' } $else { 'Press `r` to restart' }
-		app.gg.draw_text(ww / 2, (m * 6 / 10) + ypad, msg, gx.TextCfg{
+		app.gg.draw_text(ww / 2, (m * 6 / 10) + ypad, msg, gg.TextCfg{
 			...f
-			color: gx.white
+			color: gg.white
 			size:  f.size * 3 / 4
 		})
 	}
 	if app.state == .victory {
-		app.gg.draw_rect_filled(0, 0, ww, wh, gx.rgba(0, 10, 0, 180))
+		app.gg.draw_rect_filled(0, 0, ww, wh, gg.rgba(0, 10, 0, 180))
 		app.gg.draw_text(ww / 2, (m * 4 / 10) + ypad, 'Victory!', app.label_format(.victory))
 		// f := app.label_format(.tile)
 		msg1 := $if android { 'Tap to continue' } $else { 'Press `space` to continue' }
@@ -726,7 +725,7 @@ fn (app &App) draw_one_tile(x int, y int, tidx int) {
 		xpos := xoffset + tw / 2
 		ypos := yoffset + th / 2
 		mut fmt := app.label_format(.tile)
-		fmt = gx.TextCfg{
+		fmt = gg.TextCfg{
 			...fmt
 			size: int(anim_size * (fmt.size - 1))
 		}
@@ -741,15 +740,15 @@ fn (app &App) draw_one_tile(x int, y int, tidx int) {
 				app.gg.draw_text(xpos, ypos, '2', fmt)
 				fs2 := int(f32(fmt.size) * 0.67)
 				app.gg.draw_text(xpos + app.ui.tile_size / 10, ypos - app.ui.tile_size / 8,
-					'${tidx}', gx.TextCfg{
+					'${tidx}', gg.TextCfg{
 					...fmt
 					size:  fs2
-					align: gx.HorizontalAlign.left
+					align: gg.HorizontalAlign.left
 				})
 			}
 			.shifts {
 				fs2 := int(f32(fmt.size) * 0.6)
-				app.gg.draw_text(xpos, ypos, '2<<${tidx - 1}', gx.TextCfg{
+				app.gg.draw_text(xpos, ypos, '2<<${tidx - 1}', gg.TextCfg{
 					...fmt
 					size: fs2
 				})
@@ -757,7 +756,7 @@ fn (app &App) draw_one_tile(x int, y int, tidx int) {
 			.none {} // Don't draw any text here, colors only
 			.end {} // Should never get here
 		}
-		// oidx_fmt := gx.TextCfg{...fmt,size: 14}
+		// oidx_fmt := gg.TextCfg{...fmt,size: 14}
 		// app.gg.draw_text(xoffset + 50, yoffset + 15, 'y:${oidx >> 16}|x:${oidx & 0xFFFF}|m:${app.mtickers[y][x]:5.3f}',	oidx_fmt)
 		// app.gg.draw_text(xoffset + 52, yoffset + 30, 'ox:${ox}|oy:${oy}', oidx_fmt)
 		// app.gg.draw_text(xoffset + 52, yoffset + 85, 'dx:${dx}|dy:${dy}', oidx_fmt)

examples/archive/tar_gz_reader.v

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+import archive.tar
+import flag
+import net.http
+import os
+import term
+
+const default_url = 'https://github.com/vlang/v/archive/refs/tags/v0.1.3.tar.gz'
+
+@[heap]
+struct Context {
+	url        string // Web starting with http:// or https://. Local starting with file:///
+	chunks     bool   // true: decompress with callback
+	debug      int    // print debug lines
+	max_blocks int    // if max_blocks > 0 and is reached stops early.
+	filename   string // if filename is found as a path of a data block, stops early.
+}
+
+fn (ctx &Context) read_last_block(mut read tar.Read) bool {
+	if ctx.max_blocks > 0 && ctx.max_blocks < read.get_block_number() {
+		read.stop_early = true
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+fn new_context() !&Context {
+	mut fp := flag.new_flag_parser(os.args)
+	fp.application('tar_gz_reader')
+	fp.version('0.0.20250721')
+	fp.description('Reads into memory selected sections of *.tar.gz. archives from https or home_dir.')
+	fp.skip_executable()
+	ctx := &Context{
+		url:        fp.string('url', `u`, default_url, 'archive *.tar.gz URL, default(${default_url}). Start name with file:/// for local')
+		chunks:     fp.bool('chunks', `c`, false, 'decompress with chunks to reduce RAM usage, default(false)')
+		debug:      fp.int('debug', `d`, 0, 'prints blocks: 1=other, 2:+dirs, 3=+files, 4=+data, default(0=silent)')
+		max_blocks: fp.int('max_blocks', `m`, 0, 'maximum blocks to read, stop early. Default(0=read all)')
+		filename:   fp.string('filename', `f`, '', 'filename content complete print, stop early. Default(empty means none)')
+	}
+	additional := fp.finalize()!
+	if additional.len > 0 {
+		println('unprocessed args ${additional.join_lines()}')
+	}
+	return ctx
+}
+
+// Downloader downloads a *.tar.gz using HTTP chunks
+struct Downloader {
+mut:
+	chunks int
+	data   []u8
+}
+
+fn new_downloader(url string) !&Downloader {
+	mut downloader := &Downloader{}
+	params := http.DownloaderParams{
+		downloader: downloader
+	}
+	if url.starts_with('http://') || url.starts_with('https://') {
+		http.download_file_with_progress(url, '', params)!
+	} else if url.starts_with('file:///') {
+		path := '${os.home_dir()}/${url[8..]}'
+		println('path ${path}')
+		downloader.data = os.read_bytes(path)!
+	}
+	return downloader
+}
+
+fn (mut d Downloader) on_start(mut request http.Request, path string) ! {}
+
+fn (mut d Downloader) on_chunk(request &http.Request, chunk []u8, already_received u64, expected u64) ! {
+	if expected == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	d.chunks++
+	d.data << chunk
+}
+
+fn (mut d Downloader) on_finish(request &http.Request, response &http.Response) ! {}
+
+struct FileReader implements tar.Reader {
+	ctx &Context
+mut:
+	filepath string
+	content  []u8
+}
+
+fn new_file_reader(ctx &Context) FileReader {
+	return FileReader{
+		ctx: ctx
+	}
+}
+
+fn (mut f FileReader) other_block(mut read tar.Read, details string) {
+	if f.ctx.read_last_block(mut read) {
+		return
+	}
+	if f.ctx.debug > 0 {
+		row := 'OTHER  block:${read.get_block_number():6} ${read.get_special()} ${details} ${read.get_path()} '
+		println(term.colorize(term.bright_yellow, row))
+	}
+}
+
+fn (mut f FileReader) dir_block(mut read tar.Read, size u64) {
+	if f.ctx.read_last_block(mut read) {
+		return
+	}
+	if f.ctx.debug > 1 {
+		row := 'DIR    block:${read.get_block_number():6} ${read.get_path()} size:${size}'
+		println(term.colorize(term.green, row))
+	}
+}
+
+fn (mut f FileReader) file_block(mut read tar.Read, size u64) {
+	if f.ctx.read_last_block(mut read) {
+		return
+	}
+	path := read.get_path()
+	if f.ctx.debug > 2 {
+		row := ' FILE  block:${read.get_block_number():6} ${path} size:${size}'
+		println(term.colorize(term.bright_blue, row))
+	}
+	if f.ctx.filename != '' && f.filepath == '' && path.ends_with(f.ctx.filename) {
+		f.filepath = path
+	}
+}
+
+fn (mut f FileReader) data_block(mut read tar.Read, data []u8, pending int) {
+	if f.ctx.read_last_block(mut read) {
+		return
+	}
+	path := read.get_path()
+	if f.ctx.debug > 3 {
+		println('  DATA block:${read.get_block_number():6} ${path} len:${data.len} pend:${pending}')
+	}
+	if f.ctx.filename != '' {
+		if f.filepath == path {
+			f.content << data
+			if pending == 0 {
+				// our file of interest data is complete
+				read.stop_early = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	ctx := new_context()!
+	reader := FileReader{
+		ctx: ctx
+	}
+	mut untar := tar.new_untar(reader)
+	mut decompressor := tar.new_decompressor(untar)
+	downloader := new_downloader(ctx.url)!
+	if ctx.chunks {
+		decompressor.read_chunks(downloader.data)!
+	} else {
+		decompressor.read_all(downloader.data)!
+	}
+	println('-'.repeat(80))
+	println('Download: ${ctx.url} chunks:${downloader.chunks} bytes=${downloader.data.len}')
+	println('Untar:    ${untar}')
+	println('Content:  Path:${reader.filepath} bytes:${reader.content.len}')
+	println('-'.repeat(80))
+	println('${reader.content.bytestr()}')
+	println('-'.repeat(80))
+}

examples/asteroids/asteroids.v

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import math
 import rand
 import os.asset
@@ -86,8 +85,8 @@ mut:
 	frames int
 	text   string
 	size   int = 40
-	color  gx.Color
-	align  gx.HorizontalAlign = .center
+	color  gg.Color
+	align  gg.HorizontalAlign = .center
 }
 
 fn (mut a Asteroid) setup() {
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ fn (mut game Game) update() {
 			game.split_asteroid(a, p.vel.mul_scalar(0.5))
 			game.player.reset(game.screen)
 			game.score += 50
-			game.show_message(text: 'Your ship was destroyed.', color: gx.red, frames: 90)
+			game.show_message(text: 'Your ship was destroyed.', color: gg.red, frames: 90)
 			game.ships--
 			if game.ships <= 0 {
 				game.ships = 5
@@ -210,7 +209,7 @@ fn (mut game Game) update() {
 		game.ships++
 		game.player.reset(game.screen)
 		game.add_asteroids(10)
-		game.show_message(text: 'YOU WIN', color: gx.green, frames: 90)
+		game.show_message(text: 'YOU WIN', color: gg.green, frames: 90)
 	}
 	game.highscore = int_max(game.score, game.highscore)
 }
@@ -247,21 +246,21 @@ fn (mut game Game) split_asteroid(a &Asteroid, vel V2) {
 fn (mut game Game) draw() {
 	ws := gg.window_size()
 	game.screen = V2{ws.width, ws.height}
-	game.gg.draw_rect_filled(0, 0, game.screen.x, game.screen.y, gx.rgba(20, 20, 20, 255))
+	game.gg.draw_rect_filled(0, 0, game.screen.x, game.screen.y, gg.rgba(20, 20, 20, 255))
 	game.draw_ship()
 	for b in game.bullets {
-		game.gg.draw_circle_filled(b.pos.x, b.pos.y, 3, gx.yellow)
+		game.gg.draw_circle_filled(b.pos.x, b.pos.y, 3, gg.yellow)
 	}
 	for mut a in game.asteroids {
 		game.draw_asteroid(mut a)
 	}
 	scenter := game.screen.div_scalar(2)
 	label1 := 'Level: ${game.level} Ships: ${game.ships}'
-	game.gg.draw_text(5, 10, label1, size: 20, color: gx.white, align: .left)
+	game.gg.draw_text(5, 10, label1, size: 20, color: gg.white, align: .left)
 	label2 := 'B: ${game.player.bullets:02} F: ${game.player.fuel:04}'
-	game.gg.draw_text(int(scenter.x), 10, label2, size: 20, color: gx.green, align: .center)
+	game.gg.draw_text(int(scenter.x), 10, label2, size: 20, color: gg.green, align: .center)
 	label3 := 'Score: ${game.score} Highscore: ${game.highscore}'
-	game.gg.draw_text(int(game.screen.x) - 5, 10, label3, size: 20, color: gx.white, align: .right)
+	game.gg.draw_text(int(game.screen.x) - 5, 10, label3, size: 20, color: gg.white, align: .right)
 	if game.msg.frames > 0 {
 		game.gg.draw_text(int(scenter.x), int(scenter.y / 2), game.msg.text,
 			size:  game.msg.size
@@ -272,7 +271,7 @@ fn (mut game Game) draw() {
 	label4 := 'Use arrows + space to control your ship. Use Escape to end the game.'
 	game.gg.draw_text(int(game.screen.x - 5), int(game.screen.y - 20), label4,
 		size:  16
-		color: gx.gray
+		color: gg.gray
 		align: .right
 	)
 }
@@ -295,10 +294,10 @@ fn (game &Game) draw_ship() {
 	p.points[5] = p3.y
 	p.points[6] = p4.x
 	p.points[7] = p4.y
-	game.gg.draw_convex_poly(p.points, gx.white)
+	game.gg.draw_convex_poly(p.points, gg.white)
 	if p.is_engine_on {
 		engine := p.pos.offset(angle + math.pi, 0.7 * p.radius)
-		game.gg.draw_circle_filled(engine.x, engine.y, 6, gx.yellow)
+		game.gg.draw_circle_filled(engine.x, engine.y, 6, gg.yellow)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -306,13 +305,13 @@ fn (mut game Game) draw_asteroid(mut a Asteroid) {
 	if !a.active {
 		return
 	}
-	game.gg.draw_circle_filled(a.pos.x, a.pos.y, a.radius, gx.rgba(235, 235, 255, 215))
+	game.gg.draw_circle_filled(a.pos.x, a.pos.y, a.radius, gg.rgba(235, 235, 255, 215))
 	for i in 0 .. a.segments {
 		angle := rads(a.rotation + f32(i) * 360 / a.segments)
 		p := a.pos.offset(angle, a.offsets[i])
 		a.points[i * 2], a.points[i * 2 + 1] = p.x, p.y
 	}
-	game.gg.draw_convex_poly(a.points, gx.rgba(155, 155, 148, 245))
+	game.gg.draw_convex_poly(a.points, gg.rgba(155, 155, 148, 245))
 }
 
 fn (mut game Game) add_bullet() {

examples/breakout/breakout.v

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import gg
-import gx
 import math
 import rand
 import sokol.audio
@@ -11,8 +10,8 @@ const designed_height = 800
 const brick_width = 53
 const brick_height = 20
 const bevel_size = int(brick_height * 0.18)
-const highlight_color = gx.rgba(255, 255, 255, 65)
-const shade_color = gx.rgba(0, 0, 0, 65)
+const highlight_color = gg.rgba(255, 255, 255, 65)
+const shade_color = gg.rgba(0, 0, 0, 65)
 
 struct Brick {
 mut:
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ fn (mut g Game) init_bricks() {
 			g.bricks << Brick{
 				x:     col * (brick_width + 1) + xoffset
 				y:     row * (brick_height + 1) + yoffset
-				c:     gx.rgb(0x40 | rand.u8(), 0x40 | rand.u8(), 0x40 | rand.u8())
+				c:     gg.rgb(0x40 | rand.u8(), 0x40 | rand.u8(), 0x40 | rand.u8())
 				value: 10 - row
 			}
 			g.nbricks++
@@ -139,15 +138,15 @@ fn (mut g Game) draw() {
 	}
 	label1 := 'Level: ${g.nlevels:02}  Points: ${g.npoints:06}'
 	label2 := 'Bricks: ${g.nbricks:03}  Paddles: ${g.npaddles:02}'
-	g.ctx.draw_text(5, 3, label1, size: 24, color: gx.rgb(255, 255, 255))
-	g.ctx.draw_text(320, 3, label2, size: 24, color: gx.rgb(255, 255, 255))
+	g.ctx.draw_text(5, 3, label1, size: 24, color: gg.rgb(255, 255, 255))
+	g.ctx.draw_text(320, 3, label2, size: 24, color: gg.rgb(255, 255, 255))
 
 	sgl.pop_matrix()
 	g.ctx.end()
 }
 
 fn (g &Game) draw_ball() {
-	g.ctx.draw_circle_filled(g.ball_x, g.ball_y, g.ball_r, gx.red)
+	g.ctx.draw_circle_filled(g.ball_x, g.ball_y, g.ball_r, gg.red)
 	mut ball_r_less := g.ball_r
 	for _ in 0 .. 3 {
 		ball_r_less *= 0.8
@@ -158,10 +157,10 @@ fn (g &Game) draw_ball() {
 
 fn (g &Game) draw_paddle() {
 	roffset, rradius := -5, 18
-	g.ctx.draw_circle_filled(g.paddle_x - roffset, g.height, rradius, gx.blue)
-	g.ctx.draw_circle_filled(g.paddle_x + g.paddle_w + roffset, g.height, rradius, gx.blue)
+	g.ctx.draw_circle_filled(g.paddle_x - roffset, g.height, rradius, gg.blue)
+	g.ctx.draw_circle_filled(g.paddle_x + g.paddle_w + roffset, g.height, rradius, gg.blue)
 	g.ctx.draw_rect_filled(g.paddle_x, g.height - g.paddle_h + 2, g.paddle_w, g.paddle_h,
-		gx.blue)
+		gg.blue)
 	g.ctx.draw_rect_filled(g.paddle_x, g.height - g.paddle_h + 2, g.paddle_w, bevel_size,
 		highlight_color)
 }

examples/clock/clock.v

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // Written by Stefan Schroeder in 2021 for the v project examples.
 // See LICENSE for license information.
 import gg
-import gx
 import math
 import time
 
@@ -19,13 +18,13 @@ const th = 25
 // Padding of tic-mark to window border
 const tp = 10
 
-const tic_color = gx.Color{
+const tic_color = gg.Color{
 	r: 50
 	g: 50
 	b: 50
 }
-const hand_color = gx.black
-const second_hand_color = gx.red
+const hand_color = gg.black
+const second_hand_color = gg.red
 
 struct App {
 	minutes_tic []f32 = [f32(center - tw), tp, center + tw, tp, center + tw, tp, center + tw,
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ fn on_frame(mut app App) {
 
 // Rotate a polygon round the centerpoint
 @[manualfree]
-fn draw_convex_poly_rotate(mut ctx gg.Context, dpi_scale f32, points []f32, c gx.Color, angle f32) {
+fn draw_convex_poly_rotate(mut ctx gg.Context, dpi_scale f32, points []f32, c gg.Color, angle f32) {
 	sa := math.sin(math.pi * angle / 180.0)
 	ca := math.cos(math.pi * angle / 180.0)
 
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ fn main() {
 		width:        design_size
 		height:       design_size
 		window_title: 'Clock!'
-		bg_color:     gx.white
+		bg_color:     gg.white
 		user_data:    app
 		frame_fn:     on_frame
 		event_fn:     on_event

examples/euler.v

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// This example shows 2 solutions for https://projecteuler.net/problem=1 :
+fn gauss_sum(n int) fn (int) int {
+	return fn [n] (m int) int {
+		return m * ((n - 1) / m) * ((n - 1) / m + 1) / 2
+	}
+}
+
+gs := gauss_sum(1000)
+println('O(1) arithmetic progression sum: ${gs(3) + gs(5) - gs(15)}')
+
+// A brute force solution, by checking every n in the range:
+mut sum := 0
+for n in 1 .. 1000 {
+	if n % 3 == 0 || n % 5 == 0 {
+		sum += n
+	}
+}
+println('O(n) brute force calculated sum: ${sum}')

examples/fireworks/fireworks.v

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import objects
 import gg
-import gx
 import rand
 
 struct App {
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ fn main() {
 		width:        app.ui.width
 		height:       app.ui.height
 		window_title: 'Fireworks!'
-		bg_color:     gx.black
+		bg_color:     gg.black
 		user_data:    app
 		frame_fn:     on_frame
 		event_fn:     on_event

examples/fireworks/modules/objects/color.v

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 module objects
 
-import gx
+import gg
 import rand
 
-pub fn random_color() gx.Color {
-	return gx.Color{
+pub fn random_color() gg.Color {
+	return gg.Color{
 		r: rand.u8()
 		g: rand.u8()
 		b: rand.u8()

examples/fireworks/modules/objects/particle.v

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 module objects
 
 import gg
-import gx
 
 pub struct Particle {
 pub mut:
-	color    gx.Color
+	color    gg.Color
 	pos      Vector
 	vel      Vector
 	accel    Vector

examples/fireworks/modules/objects/rocket.v

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 module objects
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import rand
 
 pub struct Rocket {
 pub mut:
-	color     gx.Color
+	color     gg.Color
 	pos       Vector
 	vel       Vector
 	accel     Vector

examples/game_of_life/life_gg.v

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import automaton
 
 const screen_width = 800
 const screen_height = 600
-const filled_color = gx.blue
+const filled_color = gg.blue
 
 @[live]
 fn print_automaton(app &App) {
@@ -40,14 +39,14 @@ fn main() {
 		a: automaton.gun()
 	}
 	app.gg = gg.new_context(
-		bg_color:      gx.white
+		bg_color:      gg.white
 		frame_fn:      frame
 		user_data:     &app
 		width:         screen_width
 		height:        screen_height
 		create_window: true
 		resizable:     false
-		window_title:  'v life (with gg, gx)'
+		window_title:  'v life (with gg)'
 	)
 	app.gg.run()
 }

examples/gg/additive.v

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ module main
 
 import os
 import gg
-import gx
 import math
 
 @[heap]
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn (mut window Window) draw(_ voidptr) {
 			x: myconfig.img_rect.x + f32(math.sin(f32(window.ctx.frame) / 10.0) * 60)
 			y: myconfig.img_rect.y + f32(math.cos(f32(window.ctx.frame) / 10.0) * 60)
 		}
-		color:    gx.Color{255, 0, 0, 255}
+		color:    gg.Color{255, 0, 0, 255}
 		effect:   .add
 	})
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ pub fn (mut window Window) draw(_ voidptr) {
 			x: myconfig.img_rect.x + f32(math.sin(f32(window.ctx.frame) / 10.0) * 80)
 			y: myconfig.img_rect.y + f32(math.cos(f32(window.ctx.frame) / 10.0) * 80)
 		}
-		color:    gx.Color{0, 255, 0, 255}
+		color:    gg.Color{0, 255, 0, 255}
 		effect:   .add
 	})
 
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ pub fn (mut window Window) draw(_ voidptr) {
 			x: myconfig.img_rect.x + f32(math.sin(f32(window.ctx.frame) / 10.0) * 100)
 			y: myconfig.img_rect.y + f32(math.cos(f32(window.ctx.frame) / 10.0) * 100)
 		}
-		color:    gx.Color{0, 0, 255, 255}
+		color:    gg.Color{0, 0, 255, 255}
 		effect:   .add
 	})
 
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn (mut window Window) draw(_ voidptr) {
 			x: 50
 			y: 0
 		}
-		color:    gx.Color{255, 0, 0, 255}
+		color:    gg.Color{255, 0, 0, 255}
 		effect:   .add
 	})
 
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ pub fn (mut window Window) draw(_ voidptr) {
 			x: 50
 			y: 50
 		}
-		color:    gx.Color{0, 255, 0, 255}
+		color:    gg.Color{0, 255, 0, 255}
 		effect:   .add
 	})
 
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn (mut window Window) draw(_ voidptr) {
 			x: 50
 			y: 100
 		}
-		color:    gx.Color{0, 0, 255, 255}
+		color:    gg.Color{0, 0, 255, 255}
 		effect:   .add
 	})
 
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ fn main() {
 		width:        800
 		height:       600
 		user_data:    window
-		bg_color:     gx.gray
+		bg_color:     gg.gray
 		// FNs
 		init_fn:  window.init
 		frame_fn: window.draw

examples/gg/arcs_and_slices.v

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import math
 
 const win_width = 700
 const win_height = 800
-const bg_color = gx.white
+const bg_color = gg.white
 
 // A transparent color is used to aid in verifying that
 // rendering is precise on each of the arc types (e.g. no overlapping or double rendered slices)
-const colour = gx.rgba(100, 100, 0, 100)
+const colour = gg.rgba(100, 100, 0, 100)
 
 enum Selection {
 	segs = 0

examples/gg/bezier.v

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 
 const points = [f32(200.0), 200.0, 200.0, 100.0, 400.0, 100.0, 400.0, 300.0]
 
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@ mut:
 fn main() {
 	mut app := &App{}
 	app.gg = gg.new_context(
-		bg_color:     gx.rgb(174, 198, 255)
+		bg_color:     gg.rgb(174, 198, 255)
 		width:        600
 		height:       400
 		window_title: 'Cubic Bézier curve'
@@ -31,8 +30,8 @@ fn (mut app App) change(delta int) {
 
 fn frame(mut app App) {
 	app.gg.begin()
-	app.gg.draw_cubic_bezier_in_steps(points, u32(app.steps), gx.blue)
-	app.gg.draw_cubic_bezier_recursive(points, gx.rgba(255, 50, 50, 150))
+	app.gg.draw_cubic_bezier_in_steps(points, u32(app.steps), gg.blue)
+	app.gg.draw_cubic_bezier_recursive(points, gg.rgba(255, 50, 50, 150))
 	app.gg.end()
 	if app.gg.pressed_keys[int(gg.KeyCode.down)] {
 		app.change(-1)

examples/gg/bezier_anim.v

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 
 const rate = f32(1) / 60 * 10
 
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ fn main() {
 		anim: &Anim{}
 	}
 	app.gg = gg.new_context(
-		bg_color:     gx.rgb(174, 198, 255)
+		bg_color:     gg.rgb(174, 198, 255)
 		width:        600
 		height:       400
 		window_title: 'Animated cubic Bézier curve'
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ fn frame(mut app App) {
 	points := [p1_x, p1_y, ctrl_p1_x, ctrl_p1_y, ctrl_p2_x, ctrl_p2_y, p2_x, p2_y]
 
 	app.gg.begin()
-	app.gg.draw_cubic_bezier(points, gx.blue)
+	app.gg.draw_cubic_bezier(points, gg.blue)
 	app.gg.end()
 	app.anim.advance()
 }

examples/gg/cursor.v

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import sokol.sapp
 
 fn main() {
 	mut ctx := gg.new_context(
-		bg_color:     gx.white
+		bg_color:     gg.white
 		window_title: 'Cursor'
 		frame_fn:     frame
 		init_fn:      init

examples/gg/digital_rain.v

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import rand
 import time
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ fn main() {
 
 fn rain(mut app App) {
 	app.ctx = gg.new_context(
-		bg_color:     gx.rgb(0, 0, 0)
+		bg_color:     gg.rgb(0, 0, 0)
 		width:        app.screen_size.width
 		height:       app.screen_size.height
 		user_data:    app
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ fn frame(mut app App) {
 		draw_rain_column(rc, app)
 	}
 	app.ctx.draw_text(app.screen_size.width / 2 - 190, app.screen_size.height - 15, 'press `f` to toggle fullscreen, Up/Down arrows to change speed',
-		color: gx.gray
+		color: gg.gray
 	)
 	app.ctx.end()
 	vprintln('frame: ${app.ctx.frame} | app.cols: ${app.cols} | app.rows: ${app.rows} | app.rain_columns.len: ${app.rain_columns.len} | app.delay: ${app.delay}')
@@ -98,9 +97,9 @@ fn vprintln(msg string) {
 
 fn calc_sizes(mut app App) {
 	app.screen_size = gg.window_size()
-	app.ctx.set_text_cfg(gx.TextCfg{
+	app.ctx.set_text_cfg(gg.TextCfg{
 		size:  font_size
-		color: gx.green
+		color: gg.green
 		mono:  true
 	})
 	// figure out how big character is in pixels
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ fn draw_rain_column(rc RainColumn, app App) {
 				else { u8(255) }
 			}
 			at_head := i == rc.head - 1
-			cfg := gx.TextCfg{
+			cfg := gg.TextCfg{
 				size:  font_size
 				color: gg.Color{
 					r: if at_head { u8(255) } else { 0 }

examples/gg/drag_n_drop.v

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 module main
 
 import gg
-import gx
 import sokol.sapp
 
 const max_files = 12
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ mut:
 fn main() {
 	mut app := &App{}
 	app.gg = gg.new_context(
-		bg_color:     gx.rgb(174, 198, 255)
+		bg_color:     gg.rgb(174, 198, 255)
 		width:        600
 		height:       400
 		window_title: 'Drag and drop'
@@ -45,8 +44,8 @@ fn my_event_manager(mut ev gg.Event, mut app App) {
 fn frame(mut app App) {
 	app.gg.begin()
 
-	mut txt_conf := gx.TextCfg{
-		color: gx.black
+	mut txt_conf := gg.TextCfg{
+		color: gg.black
 		align: .left
 		size:  int(text_size * app.gg.scale + 0.5)
 	}